Name of the Procedure:

Influenza Virus Vaccine, Split Virus (Q2038)
Common Name: Flu Shot, Fluzone
Technical Terms: Intramuscular Influenza Vaccination, Inactivated Influenza Vaccine

Summary

The influenza virus vaccine, commonly known as the flu shot, is an injection given to protect individuals aged 3 years and older from the flu. It contains inactivated (killed) viruses that cannot cause the flu but stimulate an immune response to protect against future infections.

Purpose

The flu shot aims to prevent influenza, a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. The primary goal is to reduce the chances of contracting the flu, minimize the severity of symptoms if infection occurs, and lower the risk of flu-related complications, especially in vulnerable populations.

Indications

• Individuals aged 3 years and older.
• People with chronic medical conditions (e.g., asthma, diabetes, heart disease).
• Healthcare workers and caregivers.
• Pregnant women during flu season.
• People living in nursing homes or care facilities.
• Anyone who wishes to reduce their likelihood of getting the flu.

Preparation

• No significant preparation is required.
• Inform your healthcare provider of any allergies, especially to eggs or previous vaccinations.
• Wear a short-sleeved shirt or clothing that allows easy access to the upper arm.

Procedure Description

1. The patient's upper arm is cleaned with an alcohol swab.
2. Using a pre-filled syringe, a healthcare professional injects 0.5 ml of the inactivated influenza virus vaccine into the muscle of the upper arm.
3. A small bandage may be applied over the injection site.
4. The patient is observed for a few minutes to monitor for any immediate adverse reactions.

Duration

The actual injection process takes less than a minute. The entire appointment, including preparation and monitoring, typically lasts about 15-20 minutes.

Setting

The flu shot is usually administered in a variety of settings, including:

• Doctor's offices
• Outpatient clinics
• Pharmacies
• Community health centers

Personnel

• Primary care physicians
• Nurses or nurse practitioners
• Pharmacists

Risks and Complications

Common Risks:

• Soreness or redness at the injection site
• Mild fever
• Fatigue

Rare Risks:

• Allergic reactions
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome (extremely rare)

Benefits

• Reduced risk of contracting the flu.
• Lowered severity of flu symptoms if infection occurs.
• Decreased chance of flu-related complications such as pneumonia, hospitalization, and death.
• Protection for community members, especially those who cannot be vaccinated.

Recovery

• Mild side effects like soreness usually resolve within a few days.
• No significant downtime or recovery period required.
• Normal activities can typically be resumed immediately.

Alternatives

• Live Attenuated Intranasal Influenza Vaccine (for certain age groups).
• Antiviral medications like Tamiflu, though these are generally used after infection rather than as prevention.
• Healthy lifestyle practices (e.g., good hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick individuals).

Patient Experience

During the Procedure:

• Patients may feel a brief sting or pinch during the injection.
• Minimal discomfort associated with the injection site.

After the Procedure:

• Some patients might experience localized pain, tenderness, or mild fever.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can manage discomfort.
• It's common to feel pretty normal within a day or two after vaccination.