Name of the Procedure:

Influenza Virus Vaccine, Quadrivalent (IIV4), Split Virus, Preservative Free, 0.25 mL Dosage, for Intramuscular Use

Summary

The quadrivalent influenza vaccine (IIV4) is given as a shot into the muscle to protect against four strains of the flu virus. This specific formulation is preservative-free and designed for individuals who may have sensitivities or allergies to preservatives.

Purpose

The flu vaccine aims to protect against influenza, a contagious respiratory illness that can lead to severe health complications, hospitalization, or even death. The goal is to reduce the likelihood of contracting the flu and to mitigate the severity of symptoms if infection occurs.

Indications

• Individuals aged 6 months and older, especially those with a higher risk of flu complications
• Those with chronic health conditions such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease
• Pregnant women
• Healthcare workers or caregivers in close contact with vulnerable populations

Preparation

• No specific fasting or medication adjustments are typically required.
• Inform the healthcare provider of any allergies, especially to eggs or previous vaccine components.
• May include a brief health assessment to rule out current illness or fever.

Procedure Description

1. The patient is seated comfortably, typically in a clinic or doctor's office.
2. The injection site (usually the upper arm) is cleaned with an antiseptic wipe.
3. A 0.25 mL dose of the preservative-free, quadrivalent influenza vaccine is drawn into a sterile syringe.
4. The syringe is used to inject the vaccine into the muscle of the upper arm.
5. A bandage or gauze may be applied to the injection site if needed.

Duration

The injection itself takes just a few seconds. Overall, the visit may last 15-30 minutes to allow for health assessment and post-injection observation.

Setting

Typically administered in an outpatient clinic, doctor's office, pharmacy, or public health facility.

Personnel

Administered by healthcare professionals such as nurses, pharmacists, or doctors.

Risks and Complications

• Common: Soreness at the injection site, mild fever, headache, or muscle aches.
• Rare: Severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis; Guillain-Barré syndrome.
• Management of complications includes observation and availability of emergency care facilities for severe reactions.

Benefits

• Protection against both Influenza A and B viruses covered by the quadrivalent formulation.
• Reduced likelihood of flu-related complications and transmission to others.
• Benefits are generally realized within two weeks of vaccination.

Recovery

• Most individuals can resume normal activities immediately after receiving the vaccine.
• May experience mild side effects that resolve in a few days.
• Watch for any severe reactions and seek medical attention if they occur.

Alternatives

• Trivalent influenza vaccine (protects against three strains).
• Live attenuated influenza vaccine (nasal spray).
• Antiviral medications, though they are typically used for treatment rather than prevention.
• Pros: Alternatives may be suitable for those with specific medical conditions or preferences.
• Cons: May offer less comprehensive protection compared to the quadrivalent vaccine.

Patient Experience

• Mild pain or discomfort at the injection site is common.
• Some individuals may experience minor flu-like symptoms.
• Pain management options include over-the-counter pain relievers and ice packs.
• Comfort measures include reassuring the patient, distraction techniques, and observing for immediate adverse effects.