Name of the Procedure:

Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIg), Human for Intramuscular Use

Summary

Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIg) is an injection given to provide immediate, short-term protection against hepatitis B virus (HBV). The immune globulin contains antibodies that target and neutralize the virus.

Purpose

HBIg is used to prevent hepatitis B infection in individuals who have been exposed to the virus. The goal is to provide rapid immunity until long-term immunity can be established through vaccination.

Indications

• Newborns born to mothers infected with HBV.
• Unvaccinated individuals who have been exposed to HBV through contact with infected blood or body fluids.
• Recipients of liver transplants from HBV-positive donors.
• Healthcare workers with specific high-risk exposures.

Preparation

• No fasting or medication adjustments are usually required.
• Inform the healthcare provider of any allergies, current medications, or pre-existing health conditions.
• A blood test may be conducted to confirm exposure to HBV.

Procedure Description

1. The patient will receive the HBIg injection intramuscularly, usually in the upper arm or thigh.
2. The injection site will be cleaned with an antiseptic.
3. A healthcare professional will administer the HBIg using a sterile syringe and needle.
4. The area may be covered with a small bandage post-injection.

Duration

The actual administration of the injection typically takes a few minutes. Monitoring for adverse reactions may require an additional 15-30 minutes.

Setting

HBIg injections are typically administered in a doctor's office, outpatient clinic, or hospital setting.

Personnel

• The procedure is usually performed by a nurse or a doctor.
• Additional healthcare staff may assist in preparation or post-injection care.

Risks and Complications

Common Risks:

• Pain or soreness at the injection site.
• Mild fever or fatigue.

Rare Risks:

• Allergic reactions.
• Anaphylactic shock (very rare).

Management:

• Over-the-counter pain relief for soreness.
• Immediate medical attention for any signs of severe allergic reaction.

Benefits

• Immediate short-term protection against hepatitis B.
• Reduction in the risk of developing chronic HBV infection.
• Bridge to long-term immunity alongside HBV vaccination.

Recovery

• Patients can usually resume normal activities immediately after the injection.
• Follow-up HBV vaccination may be required.
• Monitor the injection site for any signs of infection or adverse reaction.

Alternatives

Treatment Options:

• HBV vaccination alone (without immediate immune globulin, not suitable for immediate post-exposure prophylaxis).
• Antiviral medications, in some specific chronic HBV cases. ##### Pros and Cons:
• Vaccination alone provides long-term immunity but takes time to become effective.
• Antiviral medications may have more side effects compared to HBIg.

Patient Experience

• The patient might experience a stinging sensation during the injection.
• Mild soreness at the injection site could last for a few days.
• Pain management includes applying a cold compress to the injection site and taking over-the-counter pain relief if needed.

This procedure description aims to provide comprehensive information about Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIg) administration for patients and caregivers, ensuring preparedness and understanding of what to expect before, during, and after the procedure.