Name of the Procedure:

• Common Name: Hepatitis B Immune Globulin Injection
• Technical Term: Injection, hepatitis B immune globulin (Hepagam B), intravenous, 0.5 ml (HCPCS Code: J1573)

Summary

Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Hepagam B) injection is a medical procedure used to provide immediate but short-term protection against the hepatitis B virus for individuals who have been exposed or are at high risk of contracting the virus.

Purpose

This injection is primarily administered to prevent hepatitis B infection following exposure to the virus, such as through needlestick injuries or perinatal exposure (from mother to baby at birth). The goal is to provide immediate passive immunity against hepatitis B.

Indications

• Post-exposure prophylaxis for individuals exposed to hepatitis B, such as healthcare workers, infants born to hepatitis B-positive mothers, or individuals with household contact with a person with hepatitis B.
• Patients who are non-responders to hepatitis B vaccine and at risk of exposure.
• Individuals needing temporary protection against hepatitis B.

Preparation

• No specific fasting or dietary restrictions are required.
• Inform your healthcare provider of any allergies or current medications.
• An assessment of hepatitis B surface antibody status (anti-HBs) might be conducted to determine the current level of immunity.

Procedure Description

1. Pre-Procedure:
   • Patient identification and verification of the prescription for hepatitis B immune globulin.
   • Gathering of required supplies including Hepagam B vial, sterile syringe, and intravenous access equipment.
2. During the Procedure:
   • Establishing intravenous access.
   • Drawing up the appropriate dose of Hepagam B into a sterile syringe.
   • Administering the injection slowly into the vein.
   • Monitoring the patient for any immediate adverse reactions.
3. Post-Procedure:
   • Removing the intravenous access point and applying appropriate dressings.
   • Observing the patient for a short period to ensure no delayed allergic reaction.

Duration

The injection itself typically takes about 15-20 minutes, including preparation and post-procedure observation.

Setting

This procedure is commonly performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or emergency department.

Personnel

• Healthcare Professionals Involved:
  • Physician or qualified healthcare provider (prescribing and possibly administering)
  • Registered Nurse or Licensed Practical Nurse (administering the injection)
  • Medical Assistant (assisting with preparation and post-procedure care)

Risks and Complications

• Common Risks: Soreness at the injection site, mild fever, headache.
• Rare Risks: Allergic reaction (rash, itching, difficulty breathing), thrombosis, kidney damage.

Benefits

• Rapid but temporary protection against hepatitis B virus.
• Reduces the risk of acute hepatitis B infection following exposure.
• Typically, begins to provide immunity within 24 hours of administration.

Recovery

• Post-Procedure Care: Rest for the remainder of the day; monitor injection site for signs of infection or adverse reactions.
• Expected Recovery Time: Patients can usually resume normal activities immediately unless advised otherwise by their healthcare provider.
• Follow-up: Patients may require additional doses based on exposure risk and hepatitis B surface antibody levels.

Alternatives

• Hepatitis B Vaccination: Provides long-term protection but requires several doses over six months.
• Pros: Vaccination offers lasting immunity.
• Cons: Vaccination cannot provide immediate protection post-exposure like Hepagam B.

Patient Experience

• During the Procedure: Mild discomfort from the injection itself; a sense of pressure as medication is administered intravenously.
• After the Procedure: Possible mild fever or soreness at the injection site. Pain relief can be managed with over-the-counter analgesics as advised by the healthcare provider.