Name of the Procedure:

Varicella-zoster immune globulin, human, for intramuscular use (Common name: VZIG)

Summary

Varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) is an injection given to boost the body's immune response against the varicella-zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and shingles. It is administered intramuscularly (into a muscle) and is typically used for individuals who have been exposed to the virus but cannot receive the chickenpox vaccine due to underlying health conditions.

Purpose

VZIG is primarily used to prevent or reduce the severity of chickenpox in individuals who are at high risk of severe infection or complications. This includes patients with weakened immune systems, pregnant women, newborns, and premature infants.

Indications

• Exposure to the varicella-zoster virus in immunocompromised individuals.
• Pregnant women exposed to the virus.
• Newborns whose mothers have developed chickenpox around the time of delivery.
• Premature infants exposed to the virus.

Preparation

• No specific fasting required.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider of any medications they are taking and any allergies they may have.
• Diagnostic tests may include checking for recent exposure to the varicella-zoster virus.

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare professional will clean the injection site, typically the upper arm or thigh.
2. The VZIG is drawn into a syringe.
3. The injection is administered intramuscularly.
4. The site is then covered with a small bandage.

Tools and Equipment Used:

• Syringe and needle
• Antiseptic wipe
• Bandage or adhesive tape

Anesthesia:

• No anesthesia or sedation is required for this procedure.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 5-10 minutes.

Setting

The injection is usually administered in a healthcare setting such as a hospital, outpatient clinic, or a doctor's office.

Personnel

• Doctor or nurse

Risks and Complications

Common Risks:

• Mild pain or soreness at the injection site
• Redness or swelling at the injection site

Rare Risks:

• Allergic reaction
• Fever

Management of Complications:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers for soreness.
• Antihistamines or emergency medical treatment for allergic reactions.

Benefits

• Decreases the likelihood of developing chickenpox following exposure to the virus.
• Reduces the severity of chickenpox if it does develop.
• Helps protect high-risk individuals from serious complications associated with chickenpox.

The benefits are usually realized within a few days after exposure to the virus.

Recovery

• Patients may resume normal activities immediately after receiving the injection.
• Monitor the injection site for any signs of infection or severe reaction.
• Follow-up appointments may not be necessary unless complications arise.

Alternatives

• Varicella vaccine is an alternative for those who are not immunocompromised.
• Antiviral medications may be used in some cases.

Pros of VZIG:

• Immediate protection following exposure.
• Safe for high-risk individuals.

Cons of VZIG:

• Does not provide long-term immunity.
• Injection site reactions.

Patient Experience

Patients may feel a brief stinging sensation upon injection. Post-procedure, they might experience mild soreness or redness at the site. Pain is typically minimal and can be managed with over-the-counter pain relief if necessary. Most people do not experience significant discomfort and can return to normal activities immediately.