Rho(D) immune globulin (RhIg), human, full-dose, for intramuscular use
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Rho(D) Immune Globulin (RhIg), Human, Full-Dose, for Intramuscular Use
Summary
Rho(D) immune globulin is an injection given to prevent Rh incompatibility, which can occur when a pregnant woman has Rh-negative blood and her fetus has Rh-positive blood. This medication helps prevent the mother's immune system from developing antibodies that could attack the red blood cells of an Rh-positive baby in current or future pregnancies.
Purpose
The primary purpose of RhIg is to manage and prevent Rh incompatibility during pregnancy, which can lead to hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). The goal is to protect the fetus from anemia, jaundice, and other serious health issues.
Indications
- Pregnant women with Rh-negative blood type who may carry an Rh-positive fetus.
- Women who have experienced a miscarriage, abortion, or ectopic pregnancy.
- Patients undergoing obstetrical procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling.
- Post-delivery to a mother who has given birth to an Rh-positive baby.
Preparation
Patients typically do not need to fast prior to receiving RhIg. They should discuss any medications they are taking with their healthcare provider. No specific diagnostic tests are required beforehand.
Procedure Description
- The patient will be informed about the procedure and its purpose.
- The healthcare provider will clean the injection site, usually the upper arm or thigh.
- RhIg will be injected intramuscularly using a sterile needle.
- The injection site will be observed for any immediate reactions.
This procedure does not usually require anesthesia or sedation.
Duration
The procedure typically takes only a few minutes to administer the injection.
Setting
Rho(D) immune globulin injections are usually performed in outpatient settings such as a doctor's office, clinic, or hospital.
Personnel
A registered nurse or physician administers the injection.
Risks and Complications
Common risks:
- Mild pain or discomfort at the injection site.
- Low-grade fever.
- Rash or mild allergic reactions.
Rare risks:
- Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), although this is very uncommon.
- Injection site infections.
Benefits
The primary benefit is the prevention of Rh incompatibility, which significantly reduces the risk of HDFN in current and future pregnancies. The beneficial effects start almost immediately and can last for the duration of the pregnancy.
Recovery
Post-procedure care is minimal. Patients may be advised to monitor for any signs of allergic reactions such as itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. There are no significant restrictions following the procedure, and normal activities can typically be resumed immediately. Follow-up appointments may be scheduled depending on the pregnancy's progress.
Alternatives
Other treatment options include close fetal monitoring and, in rare cases, intrauterine transfusion if HDFN develops. Compared to RhIg, these alternatives are often more invasive and carry higher risks.
Patient Experience
The injection is usually quick and causes minor discomfort. Some patients may experience slight soreness at the injection site for a short period. Any discomfort can usually be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers, and most patients tolerate the injection well with minimal side effects.