HCPCS Procedure: Injection, Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human), (RhoPhylac), Intramuscular or Intravenous, 100 IU (J2791)

Name of the Procedure:

• Common Name(s): Rho(D) Immune Globulin Injection, RhoPhylac Injection
• Technical/Medical Term: Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human) Administration, intramuscular or intravenous

Summary

Rho(D) immune globulin, commonly known as RhoPhylac, is a blood-derived medication administered either intramuscularly or intravenously. It helps prevent anti-D antibody formation in Rh-negative individuals exposed to Rh-positive blood, which is particularly relevant during pregnancy and childbirth.

Purpose

• Conditions Addressed:
  • Prevention of Rh sensitization in Rh-negative mothers carrying an Rh-positive fetus.
  • Management of Rh incompatibility.
• Goals/Expected Outcomes:
  • Prevent the mother's immune system from developing antibodies that could attack Rh-positive blood cells, ensuring safer pregnancies and healthier outcomes for both mother and child.

Indications

• Specific Symptoms/Conditions:
  • Rh-negative pregnant women (especially after delivery of an Rh-positive baby).
  • Rh-negative individuals exposed to Rh-positive blood through transfusions or organ transplants.
• Patient Criteria:
  • Confirmed Rh-negative blood type.
  • Potential or actual exposure to Rh-positive blood.

Preparation

• Pre-procedure Instructions:
  • No specific fasting or dietary restrictions required.
  • Inform the healthcare provider of any medications being taken.
• Diagnostic Tests/Assessments:
  • Blood typing and screening.
  • Antibody screen to assess for the presence of anti-D antibodies.

Procedure Description

1. Initial Assessment:
   • Verify patient identity and Rh-negative status.
2. Preparation:
   • Prepare the injection site (arm or thigh for intramuscular, or vein for intravenous).
3. Administration:
   • Intramuscular Injection: Administered into the muscle using a syringe.
   • Intravenous Injection: Administered directly into the bloodstream via an IV line.
4. Monitoring:
   • Observe for immediate allergic reactions or side effects.
5. Completion:
   • Dispose of medical waste properly and document the procedure in the patient's medical record.

Duration

• Time: The injection procedure typically takes about 15-30 minutes.

Setting

• Location: Usually performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or a medical office.

Personnel

• Healthcare Professionals Involved:
  • Nurses or physicians administer the injection.
  • Pharmacists may be involved in the preparation of the medication.

Risks and Complications

• Common Risks:
  • Mild pain or discomfort at the injection site.
  • Temporary redness or swelling.
• Rare Risks:
  • Allergic reactions (rash, itching, difficulty breathing).
  • Fever.
  • Elevated blood pressure.
• Management: Immediate medical intervention for severe allergic reactions.

Benefits

• Expected Benefits:
  • Effective prevention of Rh sensitization.
  • Reduced risk of hemolytic disease in future pregnancies for Rh-negative women.
• Onset of Benefits: Protection begins shortly after administration and lasts for several weeks to months, depending on the dosage and individual response.

Recovery

• Post-procedure Care:
  • Monitor for any adverse reactions for at least 20 minutes after injection.
  • Avoid strenuous activities for several hours.
• Expected Recovery Time: No significant downtime; normal activities can usually be resumed the same day.
• Follow-up: Additional doses may be required, especially during pregnancy or after a significant exposure to Rh-positive blood.

Alternatives

• Other Treatment Options:
  • Regular monitoring and management of Rh sensitization if it occurs.
  • Blood transfusions for the newborn if hemolytic disease develops.
• Pros and Cons:
  • Rho(D) immune globulin is highly effective but requires timely administration; other options may not be as effective in preventing sensitization.

Patient Experience

• During the Procedure:
  • Mild to moderate discomfort during the injection.
  • Anxiety or apprehension about the procedure.
• After the Procedure:
  • Possible soreness at the injection site.
  • General relief knowing the risk of Rh sensitization is minimized.
• Pain Management:
  • Over-the-counter pain relievers if needed.
  • Applying ice to the injection site to reduce discomfort.