Name of the Procedure:

Varicella Virus Vaccine (VAR), Live, Subcutaneous Use

Summary

The Varicella virus vaccine (VAR) is an immunization given to protect against the varicella-zoster virus, which causes chickenpox. The vaccine contains a live, attenuated (weakened) form of the virus and is administered via a subcutaneous injection.

Purpose

The vaccine is used to prevent chickenpox, a highly contagious viral infection. It aims to reduce the incidence of the disease and its complications, such as shingles and severe skin infections.

Indications

• Individuals without immunity to varicella, particularly children and adults who have never had chickenpox or been vaccinated.
• Health care professionals, teachers, and others with a higher risk of exposure to the virus.
• Before certain surgeries or treatments where contracting chickenpox could lead to severe complications.

Preparation

• Patients should inform their healthcare provider of any allergies, current medications, or existing health conditions.
• No specific preparation such as fasting is required.

Procedure Description

1. The healthcare provider cleans the injection site, typically the upper arm.
2. The live attenuated vaccine is drawn into a syringe.
3. The vaccine is injected subcutaneously (under the skin) with a small needle.
4. The site is gently pressed with a gauze to prevent bleeding and covered with a small adhesive bandage if needed.

Duration

The actual injection process takes just a few minutes.

Setting

The vaccination can be administered in various settings, including:

• Doctor’s office
• Outpatient clinic
• Public health departments
• Pharmacies

Personnel

Typically administered by:

• Nurse
• Physician
• Pharmacist

Risks and Complications

Common risks include temporary pain and redness at the injection site. In rare cases:

• Fever
• Mild rash
• Allergic reactions (e.g., hives, difficulty breathing)
• Severe complications like encephalitis (very rare)

Benefits

• High efficacy in preventing chickenpox.
• Reduction in the severity of the disease if contracted.
• Decreased risk of varicella-related complications.
• Long-term immunity development within a few weeks post-vaccination.

Recovery

• Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the injection.
• Monitor for any adverse reactions, such as fever or rash.
• Follow up with the healthcare provider if there are concerns about side effects.

Alternatives

• There are few effective alternatives to the vaccine for chickenpox prevention.
• Immune globulin would be an option for exposed high-risk individuals.
• Pros of the VAR include long-lasting immunity and a high level of protection.
• Cons include minor risks of side effects, particularly for individuals with certain medical conditions.

Patient Experience

• Most patients experience minimal discomfort during the injection.
• Some may feel mild soreness or redness at the injection site.
• Pain management typically involves over-the-counter pain relievers if necessary.
• Patients should report any unusual side effects to their healthcare provider.