Measles, mumps and rubella virus vaccine (MMR), live, for subcutaneous use
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Virus Vaccine (MMR), live, for subcutaneous use
Summary
The MMR vaccine is an injection that helps protect against three serious infections: measles, mumps, and rubella. It is given under the skin and uses a weakened form of the viruses to stimulate the body’s immune response.
Purpose
The MMR vaccine is designed to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella, which are highly contagious diseases that can lead to severe health issues. The goal is to create immunity, thereby reducing the likelihood of outbreaks and protecting both the vaccinated individuals and the community.
Indications
The MMR vaccine is indicated for:
- Children over the age of 1 year and adults who have not been previously vaccinated.
- Individuals without evidence of immunity.
- People who are traveling internationally.
- Health care workers and students in post-secondary institutions.
Preparation
Some preparation steps include:
- Informing the healthcare provider of any immune system disorders, allergies, or current medications.
- No specific fasting or medication adjustments are typically required.
- A review of past medical history and vaccination records.
Procedure Description
- A trained healthcare provider will clean the skin site, usually the upper arm.
- The vaccine is drawn into a syringe.
- The injection is given just below the skin surface.
- The site is then monitored briefly for any immediate adverse reactions.
No anesthesia or sedation is needed.
Duration
The procedure typically takes a few minutes.
Setting
The MMR vaccine is commonly administered in settings such as:
- Pediatrician or family doctor's office.
- Outpatient clinics.
- Public health departments.
Personnel
The vaccine is typically administered by:
- Nurses or trained healthcare providers.
- Occasionally, a doctor may also perform the vaccination.
Risks and Complications
Common risks include:
- Temporary pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site.
- Mild fever or rash. Rare risks include:
- Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis).
- Febrile seizures.
- Low platelet count (thrombocytopenia).
Benefits
The primary benefit is immunity against measles, mumps, and rubella, usually realized within a few weeks. This not only protects the vaccinated individual but also contributes to community-level immunity.
Recovery
Post-vaccination care includes:
- Monitoring for any side effects.
- Keeping the injection site clean.
- Generally, no substantial downtime; routine activities can be resumed immediately.
- Follow-up appointments for any subsequent doses if part of a vaccine series.
Alternatives
Alternatives include:
- Separate vaccines for measles, mumps, and rubella, though these are less commonly used and recommended.
- Passive immunity options (immunoglobulin) for certain individuals unable to receive the live vaccine.
Patient Experience
Patients might feel a mild sting at the injection site. Pain management includes over-the-counter pain relievers if necessary. Comfort measures, such as a cold compress, can be applied to the injection site to reduce swelling or discomfort. Most people experience minimal discomfort with full recovery occurring shortly after the injection.