86625 Antibody; Campylobacter

Name of the Procedure:

Antibody Testing for Campylobacter Infections (Campylobacter serology)

Summary

An antibody test for Campylobacter is a blood test that detects specific antibodies produced in response to a Campylobacter infection, often linked to gastrointestinal distress such as diarrhea.

Purpose

The test helps diagnose infections caused by Campylobacter bacteria, which can lead to gastrointestinal illnesses. The goal is to confirm the presence of the infection and guide appropriate treatment.

Indications

• Persistent or severe diarrhea
• Abdominal pain or cramps
• Fever and malaise suggestive of bacterial gastroenteritis
• History of consuming undercooked poultry or unpasteurized dairy products
• Recent travel to areas with poor sanitation

Preparation

• No specific preparation such as fasting is required.
• Inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking, as some drugs might interfere with test results.

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare professional cleans the skin on the inside of the elbow.
2. A tourniquet is placed around the upper arm to fill the veins with blood.
3. A needle is inserted into a vein to draw a blood sample.
4. The sample is sent to a laboratory where it's tested for Campylobacter-specific antibodies.

Duration

The blood draw typically takes about 5-10 minutes. Results from the laboratory might take a few days to a week.

Setting

The blood draw is performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or diagnostic laboratory.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse to draw blood.
• Laboratory technician to analyze the blood sample.
• Physician to interpret the results.

Risks and Complications

• Minor pain or bruising at the needle insertion site
• Rarely, infection or excessive bleeding

Benefits

Identifying a Campylobacter infection can lead to targeted antibiotic treatment, which can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications like dehydration. The benefits are typically realized shortly after the commencement of treatment.

Recovery

• The procedure itself requires no recovery time.
• Patients can return to normal activities immediately after the blood draw.

Alternatives

• Stool culture to directly detect Campylobacter bacteria.
  • Pros: Direct detection of bacteria.
  • Cons: Longer turnaround, potentially less sensitive in early infection stages.
• Molecular tests (PCR) on stool samples.
  • Pros: High sensitivity and specificity.
  • Cons: More expensive.

Patient Experience

• The blood draw may cause brief discomfort.
• There might be temporary bruising or swelling at the needle site.
• Pain can usually be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers and applying a warm compress to the site.