A07.4 Cyclosporiasis

Name of the Condition

• Cyclosporiasis
• Caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis.

Summary

Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by the microscopic parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. It is typically spread through contaminated food or water and results in gastrointestinal symptoms.

Causes

Cyclosporiasis is caused by ingesting food or water contaminated with the Cyclospora parasite. The parasite is often found in feces and spreads primarily through consumption of contaminated produce.

Risk Factors

• Consuming contaminated food or drink
• Traveling to or living in regions with poor sanitation, particularly tropical or subtropical areas

Symptoms

• Watery diarrhea
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Stomach cramps/pain
• Bloating
• Increased gas
• Nausea
• Fatigue

Diagnosis

• Stool tests to identify the presence of the Cyclospora parasite.
• Multiple tests may be necessary, as the parasites are not always detected in an initial examination.

Treatment Options

• Antibiotics, specifically trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, are effective in treating cyclosporiasis.
• Supportive care, including rehydration and electrolyte replacement, may be necessary to manage dehydration from diarrhea.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• With proper treatment, cyclosporiasis typically resolves within a few days to weeks.
• Follow-up care may be necessary to ensure complete recovery and to manage any prolonged symptoms.

Complications

• Dehydration due to persistent diarrhea.
• Malabsorption of nutrients in chronic cases.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Practice good hygiene, including thorough hand washing.
• Ensure high standards of food safety, such as washing fruits and vegetables.
• Avoid consuming untreated water, especially when traveling to developing countries.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Persistent diarrhea lasting more than two days.
• Signs of severe dehydration, such as reduced urination, dizziness, or extreme thirst.

Additional Resources

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Cyclosporiasis
• World Health Organization (WHO) - Foodborne Diseases

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure the diagnosis is confirmed with laboratory tests to accurately code Cyclosporiasis as ICD-10-CM A07.4.
• Be aware of similar conditions that might be coded differently, and verify the specifics of the parasitic infection.