A07.2 Cryptosporidiosis

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- **Cryptosporidiosis**
- Technical term: Cryptosporidium infection

#### Summary
Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic infection caused by Cryptosporidium species, leading to gastrointestinal illness characterized primarily by diarrhea. It is a common cause of waterborne disease and can affect both humans and animals.

#### Causes
Cryptosporidiosis is caused by ingesting Cryptosporidium oocysts, which can be found in contaminated water, food, or surfaces. The parasite is resistant to chlorine and other disinfectants, making it a common issue in pools and other recreational water sources.

#### Risk Factors
- Exposure to contaminated water or food
- Weakened immune system (e.g., HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy patients)
- Young children and older adults
- Travel to areas with poor sanitation
- Close contact with infected individuals or animals

#### Symptoms
- Watery diarrhea
- Stomach cramps or pain
- Dehydration
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever

#### Diagnosis
- Stool sample analysis to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts
- Special staining methods or antigen detection tests

#### Treatment Options
- Usually self-limiting in healthy individuals
- Oral rehydration solutions to prevent dehydration
- Nitazoxanide may help reduce symptoms in some cases
- For immunocompromised patients, specialized medical treatment may be necessary

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- Most individuals recover without complications
- Immunocompromised individuals may experience prolonged or severe symptoms
- Monitoring hydration levels is crucial, particularly in young children and the elderly

#### Complications
- Severe dehydration
- Malnutrition due to prolonged diarrhea
- Potential spread of infection in immunocompromised individuals

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing
- Ensure drinking water is from a safe source
- Avoid swallowing water when swimming in recreational bodies of water
- Proper food handling and cooking practices

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Persistent diarrhea lasting more than a few days
- Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, reduced urination, dizziness)
- Severe abdominal pain or high fever
- Symptoms in immunocompromised individuals

#### Additional Resources
- **Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)**: [Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium infection)](https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/crypto/index.html)
- **World Health Organization (WHO)**: Cryptosporidiosis fact sheet
- **American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)**: Patient education materials

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Code A07.2 is specific for Cryptosporidiosis.
- Double-check stool test results and physician notes to confirm diagnosis.
- Be mindful of co-existing conditions, especially immune-related disorders, which can complicate coding.

Medical Policies and Guidelines for Cryptosporidiosis

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