Name of the Procedure:

T Cells; Absolute CD4 and CD8 Count, Including Ratio
(Commonly referred to as CD4/CD8 T-Cell Count)

Summary

This blood test measures the number of CD4 and CD8 T cells, which are types of white blood cells that play crucial roles in the immune system. It also calculates the ratio between these two types of cells.

Purpose

The procedure helps in assessing the immune system, particularly in individuals with conditions such as HIV/AIDS, to determine the strength of their immune response. It aids in monitoring the progression of these diseases and the effectiveness of treatments.

Indications

• Symptoms/Conditions: Individuals with weakened immune systems, unexplained infections, chronic fatigue, or conditions like HIV/AIDS.
• Patient Criteria/Factors: Patients diagnosed with HIV, those on immunosuppressive therapy, or individuals with autoimmune disorders.

Preparation

No special preparation is typically required for this procedure. Patients should follow any specific instructions provided by their healthcare provider.

Procedure Description

1. Blood Sample Collection: A trained healthcare professional draws a small sample of blood from a vein, usually in the arm.
2. Laboratory Analysis: The blood sample is sent to a laboratory where it is analyzed using flow cytometry to count the absolute number of CD4 and CD8 cells.
3. Calculation: The ratio of CD4 to CD8 cells is then calculated to provide an indication of immune status.

Duration

The blood draw itself takes only a few minutes. Results are usually available within a few days.

Setting

The procedure is typically done in a laboratory or outpatient clinic.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse for the blood draw.
• Laboratory technicians and pathologists for sample analysis.

Risks and Complications

• Common Risks: Minor discomfort or bruising at the site of the blood draw.
• Rare Risks: Infection at the site of the needle insertion, dizziness or fainting.

Benefits

• Expected Benefits: Provides critical information about the patient’s immune function, helping in the management and treatment of various immunological conditions.
• Realization: Usually immediately beneficial once the results are interpreted by the healthcare provider.

Recovery

• Post-Procedure Care: Minimal to none; keep the site of blood draw clean and dry.
• Recovery Time: Immediate, with no injury or incision recovery required.
• Restrictions/Follow-Up: Depends on underlying health conditions being monitored; follow-up appointments may be necessary based on results.

Alternatives

• No true alternatives for the specific measurement of CD4/CD8 counts, but broader immune function can sometimes be assessed using other laboratory tests like complete blood count (CBC) or specific immune function assays.
• Pros and Cons: Alternative tests might be less specific but could provide general insights into immune health.

Patient Experience

• During Procedure: Mild discomfort or a slight sting when the needle is inserted for the blood draw.
• After Procedure: Generally no significant discomfort; pain management is rarely necessary, but comfort measures can include applying a small bandage over the draw site and using gentle pressure to minimize bruising.