Name of the Procedure:

Red Blood Cells, Leukocytes Reduced (P9016)

Summary

In this procedure, red blood cells (RBCs) are separated from a blood donation and processed to reduce the number of white blood cells (leukocytes). This helps lower the risk of certain side effects when these cells are transfused into a patient.

Purpose

The primary goal of this procedure is to provide patients with red blood cells while minimizing the risk of immune reactions and infections associated with leukocytes. It is often performed to treat anemia, surgical blood loss, and other conditions requiring an increase in red blood cells.

Indications

This procedure is indicated for patients experiencing:

• Severe anemia
• Chronic kidney disease
• Blood loss due to surgery or trauma Patients who have a history of reactions to blood transfusions may also benefit from leukocyte-reduced red blood cells.

Preparation

Patients typically do not need to prepare extensively for receiving leukocyte-reduced red blood cells. However:

• Inform your healthcare provider about any allergies or previous reactions to blood transfusions.
• Blood type and crossmatching tests are performed beforehand to ensure compatibility.

Procedure Description

1. Blood Collection: Blood is collected from a donor.
2. Separation: Red blood cells are separated from other blood components.
3. Leukocyte Reduction: Specialized filters are used to remove most of the white blood cells from the red blood cells.
4. Storage: The filtered red blood cells are stored in a refrigeration unit until needed.
5. Transfusion: The patient receives the prepared red blood cells through an intravenous (IV) line.

The procedure requires blood collection tools, separation equipment, leukocyte-reduction filters, and IV transfusion apparatus. No anesthesia or sedation is typically required.

Duration

The transfusion of one unit of leukocyte-reduced red blood cells usually takes about 1-4 hours.

Setting

This procedure is typically performed in hospitals, outpatient clinics, or specialized transfusion centers.

Personnel

• Hematologists
• Nurses
• Blood bank technicians
• Transfusion medicine specialists

Risks and Complications

• Common: Minor allergic reactions, fever
• Rare: Severe allergic reactions, infections, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) Complications are managed with medications, additional monitoring, and supportive care.

Benefits

Leukocyte-reduced red blood cells minimize the risk of immune reactions and transfusion-related infections, providing a safer transfusion experience. Benefits can be realized almost immediately upon successful transfusion.

Recovery

After the transfusion:

• Patients are monitored for any adverse reactions.
• Normal activities can typically be resumed within a few hours.
• Follow-up appointments may be necessary for patients with chronic conditions.

Alternatives

Other treatment options include:

• Whole blood transfusions
• Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (for anemia)
• Iron supplements Each alternative has specific pros and cons, like different risk profiles and effectiveness rates.

Patient Experience

During the transfusion, patients might feel a slight pinch at the IV site but should experience minimal discomfort. Post-procedure, some might feel transient fever or chills, which can be managed with medications. Comfort measures, such as warming blankets and pain relief, are available to enhance the experience.