Name of the Procedure:

Platelets, leukocytes reduced, each unit (HCPCS Code: P9031) Common Names: Leukoreduced Platelet Transfusion Technical/Medical Terms: Leukoreduced Apheresis Platelets

Summary

Leukoreduced platelet transfusion is a procedure where platelets (a type of blood cell important for clotting) are given to a patient, with most of the white blood cells (leukocytes) removed. This helps reduce the risk of certain side effects and complications.

Purpose

Leukoreduced platelet transfusions are used to treat or prevent bleeding in patients with low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia). This can be due to cancer treatments, bone marrow disorders, or other medical conditions. The goal is to increase platelet counts and improve the blood's ability to clot.

Indications

• Low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)
• Bleeding disorders
• Conditions such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, or other bone marrow dysfunctions
• Patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy
• Preparation for surgery in patients with known low platelet counts

Preparation

• Patients may be instructed to avoid certain medications that affect platelets, such as aspirin, before the procedure.
• Blood tests may be performed to determine current platelet levels and other relevant blood parameters.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider of any allergies or previous reactions to transfusions.

Procedure Description

1. Blood is drawn from a donor and processed to remove most white blood cells (leukocytes).
2. The leukoreduced platelets are separated and stored until needed.
3. The patient receives the transfusion through an intravenous (IV) line.
4. The process typically involves the use of a special filtration system to remove leukocytes.
5. The procedure does not usually require anesthesia, but patients may be given medication to prevent allergic reactions.

Duration

The transfusion typically takes about 1 to 2 hours.

Setting

The procedure is usually performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or blood transfusion center.

Personnel

• Hematologists or oncologists
• Nurses specialized in transfusion medicine
• Blood bank or transfusion service professionals

Risks and Complications

• Common: Fever, chills, mild allergic reactions, transient discomfort at the IV site
• Rare: Severe allergic reactions, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), infections

Benefits

The primary benefit is an increased platelet count, which helps reduce the risk of bleeding. Most patients will notice an improvement within a few hours to a day after the transfusion.

Recovery

• Patients are monitored for any immediate adverse reactions for about 30 minutes to an hour post-transfusion.
• Normal activities can usually be resumed shortly after, unless otherwise directed by the healthcare provider.
• Follow-up appointments may be necessary to monitor platelet levels and overall health.

Alternatives

• Non-leukoreduced platelet transfusions: Less effective in reducing the risk of certain complications.
• Platelet growth factors: Can stimulate the body to produce more platelets but may not be suitable for all patients.
• Surgical or medical treatments to address underlying conditions causing low platelet counts.

Patient Experience

• During the transfusion, patients might feel a cold sensation as the platelets enter the bloodstream.
• Some may experience mild chills or fever, which can be managed with medication.
• Comfort measures, such as warm blankets and hydration, are typically offered to enhance patient comfort.

By understanding the procedure, its purposes, and the associated experiences, patients can make informed decisions and engage in their healthcare more effectively.