Pooling of platelets or other blood products
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Pooling of Platelets or Blood Products
Also known as: Platelet Pooling, Cryoprecipitate Pooling
Summary
Pooling of platelets involves combining multiple donor platelet units into a single transfusion-ready unit. This process ensures that a sufficient volume of platelets is available for patients who need them for various medical treatments.
Purpose
This procedure addresses the need for a higher dose of platelets in patients who have low platelet counts due to conditions such as leukemia, chemotherapy, or bone marrow transplants. The goal is to prevent or treat bleeding by increasing the patient's platelet count.
Indications
- Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
- Leukemia or other hematologic conditions
- Significant bleeding risk
- Pre-surgical preparation for patients with low platelets
- Bone marrow transplantation support
Preparation
- No specific fasting required.
- Pre-transfusion blood tests to determine current platelet count and compatibility.
- Patients may need to discontinue certain medications that might affect platelet function.
Procedure Description
- Collection: Platelets are collected from multiple blood donations.
- Pooling: Individual units of platelets are combined into a single bag under sterile conditions.
- Quality Control: The pooled platelets are tested for quality and compatibility.
Transfusion: The pooled platelets are transfused into the patient intravenously.
Tools: Blood collection bags, sterile connecting devices, platelet storage bags.
No anesthesia or sedation is required for the receiving patient.
Duration
The procedure for pooling typically takes 1-2 hours. The actual transfusion process takes about 1-2 hours per unit.
Setting
Performed in a blood bank or laboratory setting; transfusion occurs in a hospital or outpatient clinic.
Personnel
- Blood bank technicians or laboratory technologists for pooling.
- Nurses and physicians for the transfusion process.
- A hematologist may oversee the procedure.
Risks and Complications
- Allergic reactions to donated platelets
- Fever or chills
- Transfusion-related infections (rare due to stringent screening)
- Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
- Development of antibodies against donor platelets
Benefits
- Immediate increase in platelet count, preventing or controlling bleeding.
- Supports patients undergoing critical treatments like chemotherapy.
- Essential for safe surgical procedures in patients with low platelet counts.
Recovery
- Patients are monitored for any adverse reactions during and after transfusion.
- Follow-up blood tests to assess platelet count.
Post-transfusion care includes rest and hydration.
Recovery time is usually very short, often immediate, with no significant restrictions.
Alternatives
- Single-donor apheresis platelets
Medications to stimulate platelet production (e.g., thrombopoietin receptor agonists)
Alternatives may carry different risks and effectiveness levels. Single-donor platelets reduce the risk of multiple donor exposures, but availability might be limited.
Patient Experience
- Mild discomfort or a brief period of monitoring during transfusion.
- Possible mild side effects like fever, chills, or itching.
- Pain management is generally not necessary, but comfort measures are provided to ensure a smooth experience.