Name of the Procedure:

T Cells; Absolute CD4 Count (also known as CD4 Count, T-helper Cell Count)

Summary

This blood test measures the number of CD4 T cells in the body. CD4 T cells are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune system by combating infections.

Purpose

This test is primarily used to monitor the immune function in individuals with conditions such as HIV/AIDS. It aids in assessing the progression of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment. The goal is to ensure that CD4 T cell counts remain at healthy levels to protect against opportunistic infections.

Indications

• Diagnosed HIV/AIDS
• Unexplained immunodeficiency or persistent infections
• Monitoring immune recovery post-transplant or chemotherapy
• Certain autoimmune disorders

Preparation

• No specific fasting or dietary restrictions are required.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider about any medications they are taking.
• Other diagnostic tests are not typically required beforehand, but a baseline health assessment may be conducted.

Procedure Description

1. The healthcare provider will clean the puncture site, usually the inside of the elbow.
2. A sterile needle is inserted into the vein to draw a small vial of blood.
3. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.
4. The laboratory uses flow cytometry or similar technology to count the number of CD4 T cells.

Duration

The blood draw takes approximately 5-10 minutes. Laboratory analysis can take a few hours to a few days, depending on the facility.

Setting

The procedure is performed in an outpatient clinic, hospital laboratory, or doctor's office.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse to draw the blood sample
• Laboratory technician to analyze the sample
• Physician or healthcare provider to interpret the results

Risks and Complications

• Minor discomfort or pain at the needle insertion site
• Possible bleeding, bruising, or infection at the puncture site
• Very rare risk of fainting or lightheadedness

Benefits

• Provides crucial information on immune system health
• Helps in monitoring and managing HIV/AIDS and other conditions
• Can guide treatment decisions and adjustments

Recovery

• Minimal post-procedure care is needed.
• Patients can resume normal activities immediately.
• If there is discomfort at the puncture site, applying a cold compress may help.

Alternatives

• CD3/CD8 Count: Provides a broader view of T cell populations but is less specific for monitoring HIV/AIDS.
• Viral Load Test: Measures the amount of HIV virus in the blood but doesn’t directly assess immune function.

Patient Experience

• Patients may feel a slight pinch or sting when the needle is inserted.
• Some patients may experience slight soreness or bruising at the puncture site.
• Pain management is usually not necessary as discomfort is minimal and short-lived.