Name of the Procedure:

• B cells, total count
• Synonyms: B lymphocyte count

Summary

A B cells, total count is a blood test that measures the number of B lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) present in the blood. B cells are crucial for the immune system as they produce antibodies and play a role in immune function.

Purpose

The test is used to:

• Diagnose immune system disorders.
• Monitor immune response in conditions like HIV/AIDS.
• Evaluate patients before and after treatments that affect the immune system, such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

Indications

• Recurrent infections.
• Suspected immune deficiency disorders.
• Monitoring immune status in patients with chronic illnesses like HIV/AIDS.
• Pre- and post-treatment evaluation in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapies.

Preparation

• No fasting required.
• Inform the doctor about any medications, as certain drugs might affect white blood cell counts.
• A simple blood draw that usually doesn't require special diagnostic tests beforehand.

Procedure Description

1. A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in the arm.
2. The sample is sent to a laboratory where it is analyzed using flow cytometry to identify and count B cells.
3. The results are then interpreted by a healthcare professional.

Tools:

• Needles and syringes for blood draw.
• Flow cytometer for cell analysis.

Anesthesia: Typically none required, though local anesthetic may be used if requested.

Duration

• The blood draw itself takes about 5-10 minutes.
• Laboratory analysis may take a few hours to a few days, depending on the facility.

Setting

• Outpatient clinic
• Hospital laboratory
• Specialized diagnostic center

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse for the blood draw.
• Laboratory technician for analysis.
• Physician or hematologist for result interpretation.

Risks and Complications

• Minor: Bruising or discomfort at the blood draw site.
• Rare: Infection at the needle site or fainting during the blood draw.

Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of immune-related conditions.
• Effective monitoring of immune function.
• Informative for tailoring and adjusting treatments affecting the immune system.

Recovery

• Minimal: Patients can usually resume normal activities immediately.
• Keep the blood draw site clean and covered for a few hours.

Alternatives

• Complete blood count (CBC) with differential: Provides a broader view of white blood cell counts but less specific for B cells.
• Immunoglobulin levels: Measures antibodies but doesn’t directly count B cells.

Patient Experience

• During: Slight discomfort or a pinching sensation during the blood draw.
• After: Mild soreness at the puncture site; usually minimal pain.
• Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relievers if necessary. Applying a cold pack can reduce swelling or bruising.