Name of the Procedure:

Natural Killer (NK) Cells, Total Count

Summary

The Natural Killer (NK) cell total count is a blood test that measures the number of NK cells in the bloodstream. NK cells are a type of white blood cell crucial for the immune system's ability to fight infections and cancer.

Purpose

The NK cell total count helps diagnose and monitor conditions related to the immune system. It is utilized to assess the body's ability to combat infections and detect immune deficiencies or malignancies.

Indications

• Recurrent infections
• Suspected immune deficiencies
• Chronic fatigue syndrome
• Monitoring cancer treatment or progression
• Autoimmune disorders

Preparation

• No special preparation is typically required.
• A complete blood count (CBC) might be ordered alongside.
• Inform your doctor about any medications or supplements you are taking.

Procedure Description

1. The patient sits comfortably, and the arm is prepped with an antiseptic swab.
2. A tourniquet is applied to the upper arm to fill the veins with more blood.
3. A needle is inserted into a vein, usually in the arm.
4. A blood sample is drawn into one or more vials.
5. The needle is removed, and a bandage is applied to the puncture site.

Duration

The blood draw itself typically takes around 5 to 10 minutes.

Setting

The procedure is usually performed in:

• A hospital laboratory
• Outpatient clinics
• Doctor's offices

Personnel

• Medical Laboratory Technician
• Nurse
• Phlebotomist

Risks and Complications

• Minor bruising or bleeding at the puncture site
• Fainting or lightheadedness
• Infection (rare)

Benefits

• Detection of immune system abnormalities
• Monitoring effectiveness of treatment for certain cancers and autoimmune diseases
• Early diagnosis of immune-related conditions

Recovery

• Post-procedure care includes applying pressure to the puncture site to stop bleeding.
• Normal activities can generally be resumed immediately.
• Follow any specific instructions given by the healthcare provider.

Alternatives

• Flow cytometry to analyze specific types of cells.
• Functional assays to assess NK cell activity.
• Imaging tests if structural abnormalities are suspected.

Patient Experience

• Slight discomfort or pain during the needle insertion.
• Mild soreness or bruising afterwards.
• Pain management is usually not necessary beyond mild analgesics if discomfort persists.