Cell enumeration using immunologic selection and identification in fluid specimen (eg, circulating tumor cells in blood); physician interpretation and report, when required

CPT4 code

Name of the Procedure:

Cell Enumeration using Immunologic Selection and Identification in Fluid Specimen (Common names: Circulating Tumor Cell Enumeration, Immunologic Cell Selection in Blood)

Summary

This procedure involves counting specific cells, such as tumor cells, in a fluid specimen, typically blood, by using immunologic selection techniques. A physician interprets the results and provides a detailed report, if necessary.

Purpose

Medical Condition:

The procedure aims to detect and quantify circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood.

Goals and Outcomes:

Diagnose certain cancers.
Monitor cancer progression or treatment response.
Assist in prognosis evaluation.

Indications

Presence of symptoms suggestive of cancer.
Ongoing cancer treatment evaluation.
Research and clinical trials focusing on cancer progression.
Patients with known cancers seeking prognostic information.

Preparation

No special fasting required.
Avoid certain medications as advised by the healthcare provider.
Initial physical examination and medical history review.
Blood tests or imaging studies may be required as preliminary assessments.

Procedure Description

A blood sample is drawn from the patient.
The sample is processed using immunologic selection techniques, which involve using antibodies to specifically target and identify the desired cells (e.g., tumor cells).
Cells are then counted using specialized equipment.
A physician reviews and interprets the data and prepares a detailed report.

Tools and Technology:

Blood collection kits.
Immunologic markers/antibodies.
Cell counting and analysis equipment.

Anesthesia:

Not typically required.

Duration

The procedure typically takes approximately 1-2 hours, including sample preparation and analysis.

Setting

Performed in a hospital laboratory, diagnostic lab, or specialized medical facility.

Personnel

Physicians specializing in oncology or pathology.
Laboratory technologists or technicians.
Phlebotomists or nurses for blood draw.

Risks and Complications

Minor discomfort or bruising at the blood draw site.
Rarely, infection or prolonged bleeding from the puncture site.
False positives/negatives in cell counts.

Benefits

Provides precise information on the presence of circulating tumor cells.
Helps in early detection and monitoring of cancer.
Can guide adjustments in ongoing treatment plans.
Results can often be available within a few days.

Recovery

Minimal recovery time; normal activities can be resumed immediately after the blood draw.
Follow-up report explanation meeting may be scheduled with the physician.

Alternatives

Imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans.
Biopsies of suspected tumor sites.
Other blood tests or molecular diagnostics. ##### Pros and Cons:
Imaging and biopsies offer direct visualization but are often more invasive.
Blood tests may be less specific but are less invasive and quicker.

Patient Experience

Expect minor pain or discomfort during the blood draw.
Feelings of anxiety or stress while awaiting results.
Physician consultation post-procedure to discuss findings and next steps.
Pain management may involve over-the-counter analgesics if needed post-blood draw.