Name of the Procedure:

Colorectal Cancer Screening; Fecal Occult Blood Test, Immunoassay (G0328)

• Common Names: Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT), Stool Test for Blood
• Medical Term: Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test (iFOBT)

Summary

The fecal occult blood test, immunoassay, is a non-invasive screening method used to detect hidden blood in the stool, which may indicate colorectal cancer or other gastrointestinal issues. This test analyzes one to three stool samples for traces of blood that are not visible to the naked eye.

Purpose

• Medical Conditions/Problems Addressed: Detects early signs of colorectal cancer and other conditions that can cause bleeding in the digestive tract, such as polyps or ulcers.
• Goals/Expected Outcomes: The early detection of colorectal cancer to begin treatment promptly, potentially improving outcomes and survival rates.

Indications

• Specific Symptoms/Conditions: Blood in stool, changes in bowel habits, anemia of unknown cause, or a family history of colorectal cancer.
• Patient Criteria: Recommended for adults over the age of 50, or younger individuals with risk factors for colorectal cancer.

Preparation

• Pre-procedure Instructions: No special preparation such as fasting or medication adjustment is typically required, but patients should follow any specific instructions given by their healthcare provider.
• Diagnostic Tests/Assessments: No additional diagnostic tests are usually needed beforehand.

Procedure Description

1. Sample Collection: The patient collects stool samples at home using a provided kit.
2. Submission: The collected samples are sent or delivered to a laboratory for analysis.
3. Analysis: The lab uses immunoassay technology to detect trace amounts of blood in the stool.
4. Results: The results are typically shared with the patient's healthcare provider, who will discuss the findings.

• Tools/Equipment: Stool collection kit, immunoassay testing equipment.
• Anesthesia/Sedation: None required.

Duration

• Procedure Time: The stool collection process takes only a few minutes. The lab analysis may take a few days to complete.

Setting

• Location: The sample collection is done at the patient's home. The analysis is performed in a laboratory.

Personnel

• Healthcare Professionals Involved: Primarily lab technicians and the ordering physician or healthcare provider.

Risks and Complications

• Common Risks: There are minimal risks associated with this non-invasive test.
• Rare Risks: False-positive or false-negative results, which might lead to additional testing.

Benefits

• Expected Benefits: Early detection of colorectal cancer and other conditions causing gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Realization of Benefits: Immediate results can inform the need for further diagnostic testing and treatment.

Recovery

• Post-procedure Care: No special care required after sample collection.
• Recovery Time: N/A, as this is a non-invasive test with no downtime.
• Restrictions/Follow-up: The patient may need follow-up tests like a colonoscopy if the results are positive.

Alternatives

• Treatment Options: Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, stool DNA tests.
• Pros and Cons:
  • Colonoscopy: More comprehensive but invasive and requires sedation.
  • Stool DNA Tests: Also non-invasive but may have higher costs.

Patient Experience

• During the Procedure: Collecting stool samples may be unpleasant but is quick and painless.
• After the Procedure: No pain, discomfort, or recovery time needed. Results are discussed with their healthcare provider, who will proceed with further recommendations if necessary.