Injection, tetanus immune globulin, human, up to 250 units
HCPCS code
Name of the Procedure:
Injection of Tetanus Immune Globulin (TIG)
- Common Name: Tetanus shot
- Medical Term: Injection, tetanus immune globulin, human, up to 250 units (HCPCS Code: J1670)
Summary
A tetanus immune globulin injection provides immediate passive immunity against tetanus, a serious bacterial infection. This injection is commonly administered when someone has a wound that may have been contaminated by tetanus bacteria and has not been previously immunized or is unsure of their immune status.
Purpose
The tetanus immune globulin injection is designed to neutralize the toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria (Clostridium tetani). This prevents tetanus infection, characterized by muscle stiffness and spasms, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
Indications
- Deep or puncture wounds, burns, or injuries where tetanus infection is a risk
- Patients with uncertain or incomplete vaccination history for tetanus
- Situations where a person has not received a tetanus booster in 10 years or more
- Individuals with immune systems weakened by other conditions
Preparation
- No special fasting or dietary restrictions are required.
- Patients should inform the healthcare provider about any medications, allergies, or existing medical conditions.
- It is helpful to provide vaccination history if available.
Procedure Description
- Patient Assessment: The healthcare provider will review the patient's medical history and the nature of the wound or exposure.
- Informed Consent: The patient is informed about the procedure and potential risks, and consent is obtained.
- Site Preparation: The injection site, usually the upper arm (deltoid muscle), is cleaned with an antiseptic.
- Injection: Using a sterile syringe and needle, the healthcare provider administers up to 250 units of tetanus immune globulin.
- Observation: The patient is monitored for a brief period to ensure there are no immediate adverse reactions.
Duration
The injection typically takes about 5-10 minutes, including preparation and administration. Monitoring afterward may take an additional 15-30 minutes.
Setting
The procedure is performed in various settings, including:
- Hospitals
- Outpatient clinics
- Emergency departments
- Urgent care centers
Personnel
- Physician or Nurse Practitioner
- Registered Nurse or Licensed Practical Nurse
- Possibly a medical assistant
Risks and Complications
- Common: Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site, mild fever
- Rare: Allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, systemic side effects like dizziness or nausea
Benefits
- Immediate protection against tetanus infection
- Reduced risk of tetanus-related complications
- Peace of mind for patients with high-risk wounds
Recovery
- Patients can usually resume normal activities immediately.
- Keep the injection site clean and dry.
- Report any unusual symptoms (e.g., severe pain, high fever) to the healthcare provider.
- Follow-up visits may be necessary for further tetanus vaccinations according to the immunization schedule.
Alternatives
- Td (Tetanus and Diphtheria) vaccine as a preventive measure, but it takes time to develop immunity and is less useful for immediate protection.
- No treatment, which is not advisable if there is a risk of tetanus exposure.
Patient Experience
- Patients may feel a slight pinch or sting during the injection.
- Mild discomfort or soreness at the injection site is possible but generally temporary.
- Pain management includes over-the-counter pain relief if needed.
- Overall, the injection process is quick and minimally invasive.