Name of the Procedure:

Human Papillomavirus vaccine, types 16, 18, bivalent (2vHPV), 3 dose schedule, intramuscular injection. Commonly known as the HPV vaccine or Cervarix.

Summary

The HPV vaccine is a protective shot against certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), specifically types 16 and 18, which are known to cause cervical cancer. The vaccine is administered in a series of three shots over a six-month period for optimal protection.

Purpose

The HPV vaccine is designed to prevent infections caused by HPV types 16 and 18, which are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. The ultimate goal is to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer and its associated morbidity and mortality.

Indications

• Girls and women aged 9 to 26 years
• Prevention of cervical cancer
• Prevention of precancerous lesions in the cervix

Preparation

• No special fasting or medication adjustments are required.
• Patients should inform the healthcare provider of any allergies or adverse reactions to previous vaccines.
• It's advised to stay hydrated and eat a light meal before the appointment.

Procedure Description

1. The patient is seated comfortably.
2. The healthcare provider will clean the injection site, usually the upper arm.
3. The vaccine is administered via an intramuscular injection.
4. The patient will stay for about 15 minutes post-injection to monitor for any immediate adverse reactions.
5. The series includes three doses: the initial dose, a second dose one month later, and a third dose six months after the first dose.

Duration

Each injection takes only a few minutes. The entire 3-dose schedule spans about six months.

Setting

The procedure is typically performed in an outpatient clinic or a doctor's office.

Personnel

• Primary Care Physician or Pediatrician
• Nurse or Medical Assistant

Risks and Complications

• Common: Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site, mild fever, headache, fatigue.
• Rare: Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), fainting.

Benefits

• High efficacy in preventing HPV types 16 and 18 infections.
• Significant reduction in the risk of developing cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.
• Protection typically starts about 1 to 2 weeks after the final dose.

Recovery

• Patients can usually resume normal activities immediately.
• It is advisable to monitor for any side effects and report them to the healthcare provider.
• Follow-up appointments should be kept to complete the dosing schedule.

Alternatives

• Quadrivalent HPV vaccine (protects against additional types of HPV).
• Regular cervical screening (Pap tests and HPV tests).
• Use of condoms to reduce HPV transmission, although not 100% effective in prevention.

Patient Experience

• Slight discomfort or pain at the injection site during and after the shot.
• Temporary soreness or swelling in the arm.
• Mild systemic symptoms like headaches or a mild fever may occur but generally resolve quickly.
• Pain management can include over-the-counter pain relievers, if necessary.