87563 Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Mycoplasma genitalium, amplified probe technique

Name of the Procedure:

Infectious Agent Detection by Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA); Mycoplasma genitalium, Amplified Probe Technique

Summary

This procedure uses advanced technology to detect the presence of Mycoplasma genitalium, a type of bacteria, in a patient's body. By amplifying the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of the bacteria, it is possible to identify an infection quickly and accurately.

Purpose

The purpose of this procedure is to diagnose Mycoplasma genitalium infections, which are often sexually transmitted and can cause various symptoms such as urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Detecting the infection early helps in administering the correct treatment, preventing complications, and reducing the risk of transmission.

Indications

• Painful urination
• Urethral discharge or discomfort
• Vaginal itching or discharge
• Pelvic pain
• Symptoms of urethritis, cervicitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease
• Situations where other infections have been ruled out or treatments have failed

Preparation

• No specific fasting or dietary restrictions are typically required.
• Patients may be advised to avoid urinating for at least one hour before the test to increase accuracy.
• Disclose any medications being taken as they could interfere with test results.

Procedure Description

1. A sample is collected from the patient. This can be done using a urine sample or a swab from the genital area (urethra in men, cervix in women).
2. The collected specimen is then processed in a laboratory where the DNA or RNA of Mycoplasma genitalium is amplified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other nucleic acid amplification techniques.
3. The amplified genetic material is detected using a specific probe that binds to the bacterial DNA or RNA, indicating the presence of the infection.

Duration

• Sample collection: A few minutes.
• Laboratory processing: Several hours to a few days, depending on the laboratory's workflow.

Setting

• Outpatient clinic
• Hospital laboratory

Personnel

• Nurse or medical technician (for sample collection)
• Laboratory technician or molecular biologist (for processing and analysis)

Risks and Complications

• Minimal risk associated with sample collection (e.g., slight discomfort or minor bleeding from swab sampling).
• No significant risks from the procedure itself.

Benefits

• Accurate and rapid diagnosis of Mycoplasma genitalium infection.
• Helps guide appropriate antibiotic treatment.
• Reduces risk of complications and transmission to sexual partners.

Recovery

• No recovery time required since it is a non-invasive procedure.
• Patients can resume normal activities immediately post-sample collection.
• Follow-up appointment may be needed to discuss test results and treatment options.

Alternatives

• Culture tests: Can be more time-consuming and less sensitive.
• Serological tests: May not be as accurate in detecting current infections.
• Empirical treatment without testing: Risk of inappropriate antibiotic use and resistance.

Patient Experience

• During the procedure: Some patients may experience mild discomfort or slight pain during sample collection, particularly with swab methods.
• After the procedure: No notable discomfort post-procedure. Mild soreness may occur temporarily in the sampled area.
• Pain management: Typically not required, but if discomfort persists, over-the-counter pain relief may be advised.