Name of the Procedure:

Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Chlamydia trachomatis, amplified probe technique

Summary

This procedure uses molecular techniques to detect the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacteria responsible for the sexually transmitted infection Chlamydia. The method amplifies the chlamydial DNA or RNA to facilitate accurate and rapid identification.

Purpose

The procedure is used to diagnose Chlamydia infections in patients. The goal is to confirm the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, enabling timely treatment to prevent complications like pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and severe reproductive health issues.

Indications

• Symptoms such as abnormal genital discharge, burning during urination, or pain during intercourse.
• Screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in sexually active individuals.
• Known exposure to a partner diagnosed with Chlamydia.
• Routine screening in pregnant women to prevent transmission to the newborn.

Preparation

• No specific fasting or dietary restrictions are required.
• Patients should avoid using antiseptic creams or douches 24 hours before specimen collection.
• Inform your healthcare provider about any current medications or history of allergies.

Procedure Description

1. A sample is collected from the infected site, which could be a urine sample or a swab from the cervix, urethra, throat, or rectum.
2. The sample is then processed in the lab where nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) are extracted.
3. The extracted nucleic acids are subjected to an amplification process using specific probes that bind to the DNA or RNA of Chlamydia trachomatis.
4. If the bacteria's genetic material is present, it will be detected by the amplified probe technique, confirming the infection.

Tools, Equipment, or Technology Used:

• Swabs, urine collection cups, nucleic acid extraction kits, thermal cyclers for amplification.

Anesthesia or Sedation: Not applicable.

Duration

The sample collection takes a few minutes. Laboratory processing and analysis may take several hours to a few days, depending on the lab.

Setting

The sample is usually collected in a clinic or medical office and analyzed in a specialized laboratory.

Personnel

• Sample collection might be performed by a nurse or medical assistant.
• Laboratory technicians and molecular biologists process and analyze the samples.

Risks and Complications

• Minimal risk associated with sample collection, such as slight discomfort or a mild infection at the swab site.
• Rarely, contamination of the sample could lead to false results.

Benefits

Early and accurate detection of Chlamydia trachomatis allows for prompt and effective treatment. This can prevent severe complications and reduce the spread of the infection.

Recovery

• No recovery time is needed for the sample collection process.
• Follow instructions provided by the healthcare provider regarding any treatment needed after a positive result.
• Abstain from sexual activity until treatment is complete and a follow-up test confirms the infection has cleared.

Alternatives

• Non-amplified probe techniques.
• Cell culture, though this is less sensitive and takes longer.
• Serological tests, though not as specific or sensitive for acute infections.

Pros and Cons:

• Amplified probe techniques are more sensitive and quicker than alternative methods.
• Alternatives may be less expensive but often less accurate.

Patient Experience

During the procedure: Minor discomfort may be felt if a swab is taken. After the procedure: No significant discomfort is expected post-sample collection. Managing any positive results with appropriate antibiotics should alleviate symptoms.