Name of the Procedure:

Activated Protein C (APC) Resistance Assay, also known as APC Resistance Test or Protein C Sensitivity Test.

Summary

The Activated Protein C (APC) Resistance Assay is a blood test that checks for a specific genetic mutation that makes blood clot more easily than normal. This mutation affects the body's ability to regulate blood clotting, increasing the risk of developing clots.

Purpose

The APC Resistance Assay is primarily used to diagnose a genetic condition known as Factor V Leiden mutation. The test helps determine if a person has an increased risk of developing abnormal blood clots, which can lead to conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism.

Indications

• Family history of blood clotting disorders.
• Personal history of unexplained blood clots.
• Recurrent miscarriages.
• Unusual blood clots at a young age or in unusual locations.
• Prior to surgery for individuals with a known family history of clotting issues.

Preparation

• No special preparation is required for the APC Resistance Assay.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications and supplements they are taking, as certain medications might affect test results.

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare professional will use a needle to draw a blood sample from a vein, typically in the arm.
2. The blood sample is sent to a lab, where it is tested for sensitivity to activated protein C.
3. The lab measures how long it takes for the blood to clot and whether the presence of activated protein C affects this timing.

Duration

The blood draw itself typically takes less than 5 minutes. The lab results can take several days to be processed and reviewed.

Setting

The procedure is performed in outpatient settings including hospitals, specialized diagnostic labs, or clinics.

Personnel

• Phlebotomists or trained nurses will draw the blood sample.
• Medical laboratory technologists will analyze the blood sample in the lab.
• A physician, usually a hematologist, will interpret the results.

Risks and Complications

• Mild pain or bruising at the needle insertion site.
• Rare risk of infection at the puncture site.
• Fainting or dizziness, especially in patients who are anxious about blood draws.

Benefits

• Helps diagnose genetic predisposition to blood clots.
• Enables preventative measures or treatments to reduce the risk of clot formation.
• Aids in making informed decisions regarding surgical procedures and pregnancy management.

Recovery

• No recovery time is needed after the blood draw.
• Patients can resume normal activities immediately.
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss test results and any necessary treatment plans.

Alternatives

• Genetic testing for Factor V Leiden mutation through DNA analysis.
• Other coagulation tests like Prothrombin Time (PT) or Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT).
• Pros: Genetic testing directly identifies the mutation; may provide more detailed information.
• Cons: Genetic tests can be more expensive and take longer to yield results.

Patient Experience

• The blood draw is generally quick and causes minimal discomfort.
• Patients might feel a slight pinch or sting when the needle is inserted.
• Any discomfort usually subsides quickly, and results will be discussed in follow-up consultations.

Pain management is generally not necessary, but patients who experience anxiety may request support or calming techniques during the blood draw.