Name of the Procedure:

Serum Screening for Cytotoxic Percent Reactive Antibody (PRA); Standard Method

Summary

Serum screening for cytotoxic percent reactive antibody (PRA) is a blood test used to determine the level of antibodies in the blood that can react against foreign tissues, such as those from an organ transplant. This test helps assess the likelihood of transplant rejection.

Purpose

The procedure aims to evaluate a patient's sensitivity to potential organ donors, addressing conditions such as organ rejection in transplant patients. The goal is to ensure compatibility and to minimize the risk of transplant rejection by identifying pre-formed antibodies.

Indications

• Patients scheduled for an organ transplant.
• Monitoring patients who have previously undergone a transplant.
• Identifying patients with a higher risk of transplant rejection.
• Individuals with conditions leading to repeated blood transfusions.

Preparation

• No special fasting required.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider about any medications or supplements they are taking.
• Recent history of infections or fevers should be communicated as it might affect test results.

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare professional will draw a blood sample from the patient’s arm.
2. The blood sample is sent to a laboratory.
3. In the lab, the serum (the liquid part of blood) is separated and screened against a panel of potential donor antigens.
4. The level of antibody reactivity is measured and expressed as a percentage (PRA percentage).

Duration

The blood draw takes about 10 minutes. Lab analysis may take several days to a week.

Setting

Typically performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or a specialized laboratory.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse to draw the blood.
• Laboratory technicians and immunologists to analyze the blood sample.

Risks and Complications

• Common risks: Mild pain or bruising at the site of blood draw.
• Rare risks: Infection at the puncture site, fainting.

Benefits

• Identifying potential issues with transplant compatibility.
• Planning for appropriate immunosuppressive therapy.
• Increasing the chances of a successful transplant.

Recovery

• Minimal recovery as it is a simple blood test.
• Patients can usually resume normal activities immediately.
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss results.

Alternatives

• Flow cytometry crossmatching.
• Virtual crossmatching.
• Pros: Some alternative tests may provide quicker results or more detailed information.
• Cons: Some may be more costly or require more specialized equipment.

Patient Experience

• The experience is usually brief and may involve minor discomfort from the needle.
• Pain is minimal and short-lived.
• Practicing relaxation techniques can help any anxiety.