Name of the Procedure:

HLA Class I Typing, Low Resolution (Antigen Equivalents); one antigen equivalent (e.g., B*27)

Summary

HLA Class I typing, low resolution, is a laboratory test used to identify specific proteins (called antigens) on the surface of a person's cells. These antigens play a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in terms of tissue compatibility. The procedure involves identifying a single antigen equivalent, such as B*27.

Purpose

The primary goal of HLA Class I typing is to match organ transplant donors and recipients to improve the chances of transplant success. It may also be used to diagnose certain immune system-related conditions.

Indications

This procedure is indicated for:

• Patients needing an organ or tissue transplant.
• Individuals with suspected autoimmune disorders, such as ankylosing spondylitis, which is associated with the B*27 antigen.
• Patients for whom tissue compatibility is a concern.

Preparation

Preparation may include:

• No specific fasting or dietary restrictions.
• Informing the healthcare provider of any medications being taken.
• A simple blood draw is typically required.

Procedure Description

1. A blood sample is collected from the patient.
2. The sample is sent to a laboratory where it undergoes biochemical analysis.
3. The analysis identifies the specific HLA Class I antigen present, such as B*27.
4. Results are documented and interpreted by a specialist.

Tools and Equipment:

• Sterile needles and blood collection tubes.
• Laboratory equipment for antigen typing.

Anesthesia:

• No anesthesia is required.

Duration

The blood draw takes a few minutes, while laboratory analysis may take several hours to a few days, depending on the facility.

Setting

• Typically performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or specialized laboratory.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse for blood collection.
• Laboratory technician for sample analysis.
• A healthcare provider to interpret results.

Risks and Complications

Common Risks:

• Minor discomfort or bruising at the blood draw site.

Rare Risks:

• Infection at the puncture site.
• Hematoma formation.

Benefits

• Improved success rates for tissue and organ transplants.
• Accurate diagnosis of certain autoimmune conditions.
• Faster identification of tissue compatibility issues.

Recovery

• No significant recovery time.
• Instructions may include keeping the puncture site clean and dry.

Alternatives

• High-resolution HLA typing for more detailed genetic matching.
• Other diagnostic tests or imaging for autoimmune conditions.

Patient Experience

• Minor discomfort during blood draw.
• Minimal to no downtime post-procedure.
• Results are usually communicated by the provider once analysis is complete.