Name of the Procedure:

HLA Class I Typing, High Resolution (e.g., Alleles or Allele Groups; B*57:01P)

Summary

HLA Class I typing is a genetic test that identifies specific variations (alleles or allele groups) within the HLA Class I gene. This high-resolution test is used to determine the exact genetic makeup of one particular HLA allele or allele group, such as B*57:01P.

Purpose

HLA Class I typing addresses the need for precise genetic matching, crucial for organ and bone marrow transplants. The goal is to reduce the risk of rejection and improve transplant outcomes by ensuring close genetic compatibility between donor and recipient.

Indications

• Patients requiring organ or bone marrow transplantation.
• Individuals being evaluated as potential donors.
• Patients who need to be screened for drug hypersensitivity, such as an adverse reaction to certain medications like abacavir.

Preparation

• No specific fasting required.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider of any medications they're taking.
• A blood sample is typically required, so patients must be prepared for standard blood draw procedures.

Procedure Description

1. A blood sample is collected from the patient.
2. The sample is analyzed in a specialized laboratory using high-resolution typing methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or sequencing.
3. The DNA sequences of the HLA Class I genes are determined and compared against a database of known alleles.
4. The results are reported, identifying the specific HLA Class I allele or allele group present.

Tools and equipment:

• Blood collection supplies (needles, syringes, tubes).
• High-resolution typing technology (PCR machines, sequencers). -No sedation or anesthesia is required.

Duration

The blood collection takes about 10-15 minutes. The lab analysis can take several days to a few weeks, depending on the complexity and the lab's turnaround time.

Setting

The blood sample is collected in a clinical setting such as a hospital, outpatient clinic, or specialized lab. The laboratory analysis is conducted in a certified genetic testing laboratory.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse for blood collection.
• Laboratory technicians and geneticists for sample analysis.

Risks and Complications

• Minor discomfort or bruising at the blood draw site.
• Rare risk of infection from the blood draw.

Benefits

• Accurate genetic matching for organ and bone marrow transplantation.
• Reduced risk of transplant rejection.
• Proper screening for drug hypersensitivity, enhancing prescription safety.

Recovery

• No significant recovery time needed.
• Patients can resume normal activities immediately after blood draw.
• Follow-up may be required for discussing results with a healthcare provider.

Alternatives

• Low-resolution HLA typing, which is less precise but quicker.
• General HLA typing, which looks at a broader range of HLA genes but at a lower resolution.

Patient Experience

Patients may feel a slight pinch or discomfort during the blood draw and may have minor bruising afterward. The genetic testing itself is non-invasive and painless. Most experience minimal disruption to their daily life, resuming normal activities immediately post-blood draw.