Name of the Procedure:

HLA Class I Typing, Low Resolution (e.g., Antigen Equivalents); One Locus (e.g., HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C)

Summary

HLA Class I typing, low resolution, is a laboratory test that identifies specific genetic markers on the surface of cells. This test focuses on one of three loci: HLA-A, HLA-B, or HLA-C, and determines genetic similarities that are important for immune system compatibility.

Purpose

This test is primarily used for matching organ and bone marrow donors with recipients to increase the likelihood of transplant success and reduce the risk of rejection. It can also be used in diagnosing certain medical conditions related to the immune system.

Indications

• Preparation for organ or bone marrow transplantation.
• Diagnosing autoimmune diseases or conditions.
• Assessing compatibility for certain medical treatments.

Preparation

• No specific preparation is usually required.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider about any medications or supplements they are taking.

Procedure Description

1. Blood Sample Collection:
   • A healthcare professional withdraws a small blood sample from a vein in the patient’s arm.
2. Laboratory Analysis:
   • The blood is sent to a specialized lab where the DNA is extracted.
   • The DNA is then analyzed to identify the specific HLA markers at low resolution for the selected locus (e.g., HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C).
3. Reporting:
   • The results are compiled into a report that specifies the HLA type.

Duration

• Blood sample collection: 5-10 minutes
• Laboratory analysis: Several hours to a few days depending on the lab's processing time.

Setting

• Performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or specialized diagnostic laboratory.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse for blood draw.
• Laboratory technologists or geneticists for DNA analysis.

Risks and Complications

• Common: Minor discomfort or bruising at the blood draw site.
• Rare: Infection or phlebitis (vein inflammation).

Benefits

• Ensures better matching for organ and bone marrow transplants.
• Helps in diagnosing and managing autoimmune diseases.
• Provides critical information for personalized treatment plans.

Recovery

• No significant recovery period.
• Patients can typically resume normal activities immediately after blood draw.
• Follow-up consultation may be required to discuss results.

Alternatives

• High-resolution HLA typing, which provides more detailed genetic information but is more expensive.
• Serological HLA typing, which is less precise but may be used in certain scenarios.

Patient Experience

• Minimal pain or discomfort from the blood draw.
• Anxiety may be present while awaiting results; reassurance and counseling can help manage this.
• Results discussion with a healthcare provider will guide next steps in treatment or management options.