Name of the Procedure:

HLA Class II Typing, Low Resolution (eg, Antigen Equivalents); HLA-DRB1/3/4/5 and -DQB1

Summary

HLA Class II typing is a laboratory test used to determine the specific variations in the HLA-DRB1/3/4/5 and -DQB1 genes. These genes are part of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system, which plays a critical role in the immune system. The low-resolution typing provides a broad categorization of these genes, equating the results to antigen equivalents.

Purpose

This procedure is used to:

• Identify compatibility for organ and bone marrow transplants
• Assist in diagnosing certain autoimmune conditions
• Provide information for disease risk assessment

Indications

HLA Class II typing is indicated for individuals who:

• Are potential organ or bone marrow transplant recipients or donors
• Have family members with autoimmune diseases
• Require detailed immune system profiling for medical management

Preparation

Preparation for HLA Class II typing typically includes:

• No fasting or medication adjustments are usually needed
• Informing your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking
• A simple blood draw, for which no special preparation is usually required

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare professional draws a small sample of blood from a vein, usually in the arm.
2. The blood sample is sent to a specialized laboratory for analysis.
3. In the lab, DNA from the blood cells is extracted and amplified.
4. The specific HLA genes (HLA-DRB1/3/4/5 and -DQB1) are identified using molecular techniques.
5. The results are classified into broad categories known as antigen equivalents.

Duration

The blood draw itself takes about 10-15 minutes. Laboratory analysis typically takes several days to a few weeks, depending on the lab's workload.

Setting

The blood sample is usually collected in a healthcare setting such as:

• Hospital
• Outpatient clinic
• Medical laboratory

Personnel

The procedure typically involves:

• A phlebotomist or nurse to draw the blood
• Laboratory technicians and specialists to analyze the sample

Risks and Complications

The risks associated with the blood draw are minimal but can include:

• Bruising or soreness at the puncture site
• Slight risk of infection
• Rarely, dizziness or fainting

Benefits

• Helps ensure compatibility for organ and bone marrow transplantation, reducing the risk of rejection
• Assists in diagnosing and managing autoimmune diseases
• Provides essential genetic information for personalized medical care

Recovery

There is essentially no recovery time required after the blood draw. Patients can resume normal activities immediately.

Alternatives

• High-resolution HLA typing for more detailed genetic information
• Serological HLA testing, which identifies proteins rather than genes
• Other diagnostic tests applicable for autoimmune diseases or transplant compatibility

Patient Experience

During the procedure, patients may feel a slight pinch during the blood draw. Post-procedure, there may be minor soreness or bruising at the puncture site. Most patients experience no significant discomfort and do not require pain management.