S52.522 Torus fracture of lower end of left radius

Name of the Condition

• Torus fracture of lower end of left radius

Summary

A torus fracture of the lower end of the left radius is an incomplete fracture involving the distal portion of the radius bone, near the wrist. This injury typically presents as a buckling or compression of the bone cortex without complete displacement, often occurring in children due to their more flexible bone structure. The fracture is generally stable and may result in localized pain and swelling but maintains bone alignment.

Causes

Usually results from trauma such as a fall onto an outstretched hand, direct impact to the wrist, or a forceful bending injury. The mechanism involves axial loading or a sudden twist applied to the wrist, causing the bone to buckle rather than break completely.

Risk Factors

• Higher incidence in children and adolescents due to developing bone structure.
• Activities with a risk of falls, such as sports or play.
• Lack of protective gear during high-impact activities.

Symptoms

• Localized pain and swelling at the wrist.
• Tenderness to touch the affected area.
• Mild limitation in wrist movement.
• Possible visible deformity in severe cases.

Diagnosis

Physical examination to assess pain, swelling, and range of motion. Imaging tests, primarily X-rays, to confirm the fracture type and rule out other injuries. The torus fracture appears as a buckled or compressed area on imaging.

Treatment Options

• Immobilization with a cast or splint to support healing and limit movement.
• Pain management with over-the-counter or prescription medications.
• Follow-up imaging to monitor healing progress.
• Physical therapy to restore strength and range of motion after immobilization.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Most torus fractures heal well with appropriate immobilization, typically within 4–6 weeks. Follow-up appointments are recommended to assess healing and remove the cast or splint. Long-term complications are rare, but residual stiffness or minor deformity may occur in some cases.

Complications

• Temporary stiffness or limited range of motion in the wrist.
• Mild cosmetic deformity if the bone buckles significantly.
• Rarely, delayed union or nonunion of the fracture.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Use protective gear during sports or activities with fall risks.
• Ensure proper supervision for children during play.
• Maintain bone health through adequate nutrition, including calcium and vitamin D.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek immediate medical attention if there is severe pain, inability to move the wrist, visible deformity, or signs of nerve or vascular compromise (e.g., numbness, coldness, or discoloration).

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the specific side (left) and confirm the fracture is torus-type with imaging. Ensure the encounter type and fracture status (e.g., closed) are clearly recorded to support accurate coding. Verify no additional injuries (e.g., ulna fracture) are present, as these may require separate coding.