S52.522A Torus fracture of lower end of left radius, initial encounter for closed fracture

Name of the Condition

• Torus fracture of lower end of left radius, initial encounter for closed fracture

Summary

A torus fracture of the lower end of the left radius is an incomplete fracture involving the distal portion of the radius bone, near the wrist. This injury typically presents as a buckling or compression of the bone cortex without complete displacement, often seen in children due to their more flexible bone structure. The fracture is closed (no skin penetration) and occurs during the initial encounter for treatment, usually resulting from low-energy trauma such as a fall onto an outstretched hand.

Causes

Usually results from axial loading or bending forces applied to the wrist, such as a fall onto an outstretched hand or direct impact to the wrist. The mechanism involves stress that causes the bone to buckle rather than break completely, particularly in pediatric patients with pliable bones.

Risk Factors

• Higher incidence in children and adolescents due to developing bone structure.
• Activities with a risk of falls, such as sports or play.
• Lack of protective gear during high-impact activities.

Symptoms

• Localized pain and swelling at the wrist.
• Tenderness to touch the affected area.
• Mild limitation in wrist movement.
• Possible visible deformity in severe cases.

Diagnosis

Physical examination to assess pain, swelling, and range of motion. Imaging tests, primarily X-rays, to confirm the fracture type and rule out other injuries. The torus fracture appears as a buckled or compressed area on imaging.

Treatment Options

• Immobilization with a cast or splint to support healing and limit movement.
• Pain management with over-the-counter or prescription medications.
• Follow-up imaging to monitor healing progress.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Most torus fractures heal well with immobilization, typically within 4–6 weeks. Follow-up appointments may include repeat X-rays to ensure proper healing and restoration of function. Physical therapy may be recommended to regain strength and mobility.

Complications

• Rare risk of malunion or nonunion if not properly immobilized.
• Potential for residual stiffness or limited range of motion.
• Uncommon risk of nerve or vascular injury in severe cases.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Use protective gear during sports or activities with fall risks.
• Ensure proper supervision for children during play.
• Maintain bone health through adequate nutrition and exercise.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek immediate medical attention if there is severe pain, swelling, or deformity, or if the wrist cannot be moved. Persistent pain or difficulty using the wrist after initial treatment may require further evaluation.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the specific location (left radius), fracture type (torus), encounter stage (initial), and whether the fracture is closed. Ensure clinical notes support the absence of skin penetration and confirm the initial encounter for treatment.