S52.529 Torus fracture of lower end of unspecified radius

Name of the Condition

• Torus fracture of lower end of unspecified radius

Summary

A torus fracture of the lower end of the unspecified radius is an incomplete fracture involving the distal portion of the radius bone, near the wrist. This injury typically presents as a buckling or compression of the bone cortex without complete displacement, often occurring in children due to their more flexible bone structure. The fracture is generally stable and may result in localized pain and swelling but maintains bone alignment.

Causes

Usually results from trauma such as a fall onto an outstretched hand, direct impact to the wrist, or a forceful bending injury. The mechanism involves axial loading or a sudden twist applied to the wrist, causing the bone to buckle rather than break completely.

Risk Factors

• Higher incidence in children and adolescents due to developing bone structure.
• Activities with a risk of falls, such as sports or play.
• Lack of protective gear during high-impact activities.

Symptoms

• Localized pain and swelling at the wrist.
• Tenderness to touch the affected area.
• Mild limitation in wrist movement.
• Possible visible deformity in severe cases.

Diagnosis

Physical examination to assess pain, swelling, and range of motion. Imaging tests, primarily X-rays, to confirm the fracture type and rule out other injuries. The torus fracture appears as a buckled or compressed area on imaging.

Treatment Options

• Immobilization with a cast or splint to support healing and limit movement.
• Pain management with over-the-counter or prescription medications.
• Follow-up imaging to monitor healing progress.
• Physical therapy to restore strength and mobility after immobilization.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Most torus fractures heal well with proper immobilization and care, typically within 4–6 weeks. Follow-up appointments ensure the fracture is healing as expected and assess for any complications. Full recovery of wrist function is common, though mild stiffness may persist temporarily.

Complications

• Delayed healing or nonunion in rare cases.
• Persistent pain or stiffness.
• Malalignment if not properly immobilized.
• Nerve or vascular injury in severe trauma.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Use protective gear during sports or activities with fall risks.
• Practice safe play and avoid high-impact activities without supervision.
• Maintain bone health through adequate nutrition, including calcium and vitamin D.
• Strengthen wrist and forearm muscles to improve stability.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek immediate medical attention if there is severe pain, inability to move the wrist, visible deformity, numbness, or tingling in the hand. Persistent pain or swelling after initial treatment also warrants evaluation.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the unspecified nature of the radius (left or right) when coding S52.529. Ensure clinical notes specify the absence of displacement and confirm the torus fracture type to support accurate coding. Include details on trauma mechanism and imaging findings to justify the diagnosis.