S52.52 Torus fracture of lower end of radius

Name of the Condition

• Torus fracture of lower end of radius

Summary

A torus fracture of the lower end of the radius is a type of incomplete fracture that occurs in the distal portion of the radius bone, near the wrist. This fracture typically involves a buckling or compression of the bone cortex without complete displacement, often seen in children due to their more flexible bones.

Causes

Usually results from a fall onto an outstretched hand or direct impact to the wrist, where force is applied to the distal radius. The mechanism involves axial loading or bending forces that cause the bone to buckle rather than break completely.

Risk Factors

• Higher incidence in children and adolescents due to developing bone structure.
• Activities with a risk of falls, such as sports or play.
• Lack of protective gear during high-impact activities.

Symptoms

• Localized pain and swelling at the wrist.
• Tenderness to touch the affected area.
• Mild limitation in wrist movement.
• Possible visible deformity in severe cases.

Diagnosis

Physical examination to assess pain, swelling, and range of motion. Imaging tests, primarily X-rays, to confirm the fracture type and rule out other injuries. The torus fracture appears as a buckled or compressed area on imaging.

Treatment Options

• Immobilization with a cast or splint to support healing and limit movement.
• Pain management with over-the-counter or prescribed medications.
• Follow-up imaging to ensure proper healing if symptoms persist.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Most torus fractures heal well with immobilization, and recovery is typically rapid due to the incomplete nature of the injury. Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to monitor healing and remove the cast once the bone is stable.

Complications

• Rarely, delayed healing if the fracture is not properly immobilized.
• Potential for re-injury if activity is resumed too soon.
• Minimal risk of long-term functional impairment with appropriate treatment.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Use protective gear during sports or activities with fall risks.
• Ensure proper supervision for children during play to reduce accident likelihood.
• Maintain bone health through adequate nutrition and exercise.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if pain worsens, swelling increases, or movement becomes severely limited. Immediate care is needed if numbness, tingling, or color changes in the hand occur, as these may indicate nerve or vascular involvement.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the specific location (lower end of radius) and fracture type (torus) clearly in the medical record. Ensure the diagnosis is supported by imaging findings, as torus fractures are characterized by buckling without complete displacement. Code S52.52 is appropriate when the fracture is specifically identified as a torus fracture of the distal radius.