M71.0 Abscess of bursa

Name of the Condition

• Abscess of bursa

Summary

An abscess of the bursa is a localized collection of pus within a bursa, resulting from infection or inflammation. This condition causes pain, swelling, and functional impairment at the affected site. Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tissues, and when infected, they can become inflamed and filled with purulent material.

Causes

Abscesses of the bursa typically result from bacterial infection, often introduced through direct trauma, skin breakdown, or spread from adjacent tissues. Staphylococcus aureus is a common causative organism. Non-infectious causes, such as chronic inflammation or foreign body reaction, may also lead to bursal abscess formation.

Risk Factors

• Recent injury or surgery near a bursa
• Skin infections or open wounds in the vicinity
• Immunocompromised states (e.g., diabetes, HIV)
• Chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
• Repetitive motion or pressure on the bursa

Symptoms

• Localized pain, swelling, and warmth over the bursa
• Redness or erythema at the site
• Fever or systemic signs of infection
• Limited range of motion in adjacent joints
• Pus drainage if the abscess ruptures

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a physical examination to assess bursal characteristics, including tenderness, fluctuance, and warmth. Imaging (e.g., ultrasound, MRI) may be used to evaluate the extent of the abscess. Fluid aspiration and culture confirm the presence of infection and identify the causative organism.

Treatment Options

• Antibiotic therapy, often with drainage of the abscess
• Surgical incision and drainage for larger or persistent abscesses
• Pain management with analgesics
• Immobilization of the affected area to reduce discomfort
• Follow-up to monitor for recurrence or complications

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With prompt treatment, most bursal abscesses resolve without long-term issues. Follow-up ensures complete healing and addresses any residual symptoms. Recurrence may occur if the underlying cause (e.g., infection, trauma) is not addressed.

Complications

• Spread of infection to surrounding tissues
• Chronic bursitis or bursal scarring
• Septic arthritis if the infection extends to a joint
• Systemic infection (sepsis) in severe cases

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Avoid trauma or excessive pressure on bursae
• Maintain good skin hygiene to prevent infection
• Manage underlying conditions (e.g., diabetes) to reduce infection risk
• Use protective gear during activities that stress bursae

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek care if you experience sudden pain, swelling, or redness over a bursa, especially with fever or pus drainage. Prompt evaluation is necessary to prevent complications.

Tips for Medical Coders

Code M71.0 is used for abscess of the bursa. Documentation should specify the location (e.g., subacromial, olecranon) and whether the abscess is acute or chronic. Include details on drainage, culture results, or associated infections to support coding accuracy.