M71.08 Abscess of bursa, other site

Name of the Condition

• Abscess of bursa, other site

Summary

An abscess of the bursa, other site is a localized collection of pus within a bursa at a site other than the shoulder, olecranon, or unspecified locations. Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tissues, and when infected, they can become inflamed and filled with purulent material. This condition typically causes pain, swelling, and functional impairment at the affected site.

Causes

Abscesses of the bursa, other site usually result from bacterial infection, often introduced through direct trauma, skin breakdown, or spread from adjacent tissues. Staphylococcus aureus is a common causative organism. Non-infectious causes, such as foreign body reaction or sterile inflammation, may also lead to bursal abscess formation.

Risk Factors

• Recent injury or surgery near a bursa
• Skin infections or open wounds in the vicinity
• Immunocompromised states (e.g., diabetes, HIV)
• Chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
• Repetitive motion or pressure on the bursa

Symptoms

• Localized pain, swelling, and warmth over the bursa
• Redness or erythema at the site
• Fever or systemic signs of infection
• Limited range of motion in adjacent joints
• Pus drainage if the abscess ruptures

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a physical examination to assess bursal characteristics, including tenderness, fluctuance, and warmth. Imaging (e.g., ultrasound) may confirm fluid collection. Aspiration of the bursa may be performed to identify the causative organism and guide treatment.

Treatment Options

Treatment typically includes antibiotics to address the underlying infection, often targeting Staphylococcus aureus. Drainage of the abscess may be necessary if it does not resolve with antibiotics alone. Rest and immobilization of the affected area can help reduce inflammation and promote healing.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With appropriate treatment, most bursal abscesses resolve without long-term complications. Follow-up care may include monitoring for recurrence or signs of systemic infection. Patients with underlying risk factors may require additional management to prevent future episodes.

Complications

Untreated or inadequately treated abscesses can lead to the spread of infection to surrounding tissues or the bloodstream. Chronic inflammation or scarring may result in persistent pain or limited mobility. Rarely, surgical intervention may be needed to address complications.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Avoid repetitive motions or pressure on bursae to reduce irritation.
• Keep skin clean and intact to prevent infection.
• Manage chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes) to support immune function.
• Seek prompt treatment for skin injuries near bursae.

When to Seek Professional Help

Consult a healthcare provider if you experience persistent pain, swelling, or warmth in a bursa, especially with fever or pus drainage. Early intervention can prevent complications and promote faster recovery.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the specific site of the bursal abscess (e.g., elbow, hip) to support the use of M71.08. Ensure clinical notes specify the affected bursa and exclude shoulder or olecranon locations, which have separate codes. Include details on infection source or contributing factors when available.