M71.19 Other infective bursitis, multiple sites

Name of the Condition

• Other infective bursitis, multiple sites

Summary

Other infective bursitis, multiple sites, refers to an infection of two or more bursae (small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tissues) that is not classified under more specific infective bursitis codes. This condition involves microbial invasion of the bursae, leading to inflammation, pain, and potential functional impairment at the affected sites. The infection may be bacterial or non-bacterial, and the multiple sites designation indicates involvement of more than one bursa.

Causes

Other infective bursitis, multiple sites, typically results from bacterial infection, often introduced through direct trauma, skin breakdown, or spread from adjacent tissues. Common causative organisms include Staphylococcus aureus. Non-bacterial infections or secondary infection of pre-existing bursitis may also occur, though the exact etiology varies by case. The multiple sites designation suggests the clinical record documents involvement of more than one bursa.

Risk Factors

• Recent injury or surgery near multiple bursae
• Skin infections or open wounds in the vicinity of multiple bursae
• Immunocompromised states (e.g., diabetes, HIV)
• Chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
• Repetitive motion or pressure on multiple bursae

Symptoms

• Localized pain, swelling, and warmth over the affected bursae
• Redness or erythema at the sites
• Fever or systemic signs of infection
• Limited range of motion in adjacent joints
• Pus drainage if the infection progresses

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a physical examination to assess bursal characteristics, including tenderness, warmth, and swelling at multiple sites. Imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound or MRI) may be used to confirm involvement of multiple bursae. Aspiration and culture of bursal fluid can identify the causative organism. Laboratory tests, such as white blood cell count, may indicate infection.

Treatment Options

Treatment typically includes antibiotic therapy targeted at the identified organism, often initiated empirically before culture results. Rest and immobilization of affected areas may be recommended. Surgical drainage or debridement may be necessary for severe or persistent infections. Pain management and anti-inflammatory medications may also be used to alleviate symptoms.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Prognosis depends on the severity of infection, timeliness of treatment, and underlying health conditions. With appropriate treatment, most cases resolve without long-term complications. Follow-up care may include monitoring for recurrence, assessing functional recovery, and adjusting treatment based on clinical response. Patients with immunocompromised states or chronic conditions may require longer follow-up.

Complications

• Spread of infection to adjacent tissues or joints
• Chronic bursitis or bursal thickening
• Functional impairment due to pain or limited mobility
• Systemic infection (sepsis) in severe cases
• Recurrence if underlying risk factors persist

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Avoid repetitive motion or pressure on bursae to reduce irritation
• Maintain good skin hygiene to prevent infections
• Promptly treat skin wounds or infections near bursae
• Manage chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes) to reduce infection risk
• Use protective equipment during activities that stress bursae

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if you experience persistent pain, swelling, or warmth over multiple bursae, especially with fever or pus drainage. Early evaluation is important to prevent complications, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with chronic inflammatory conditions.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the involvement of multiple bursae clearly in the clinical record to support the M71.19 code. Ensure the diagnosis specifies "multiple sites" to distinguish it from single-site or unspecified-site infective bursitis. Verify that the infection is not classified under a more specific code (e.g., shoulder or elbow) before assigning M71.19.