M71.09 Abscess of bursa, multiple sites

Name of the Condition

• Abscess of bursa, multiple sites

Summary

An abscess of the bursa, multiple sites, is a localized collection of pus within two or more bursae, resulting from infection or inflammation. This condition causes pain, swelling, and functional impairment at the affected sites. Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tissues, and when infected, they can become inflamed and filled with purulent material. The multiple sites designation indicates the abscess involves more than one bursa without further localization.

Causes

Abscesses of the bursa typically result from bacterial infection, often introduced through direct trauma, skin breakdown, or spread from adjacent tissues. Staphylococcus aureus is a common causative organism. Non-infectious causes, such as chronic inflammation or foreign body reaction, may also lead to bursal abscess formation.

Risk Factors

• Recent injury or surgery near multiple bursae
• Skin infections or open wounds in the vicinity
• Immunocompromised states (e.g., diabetes, HIV)
• Chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
• Repetitive motion or pressure on multiple bursae

Symptoms

• Localized pain, swelling, and warmth over the affected bursae
• Redness or erythema at the sites
• Fever or systemic signs of infection
• Limited range of motion in adjacent joints
• Pus drainage if the abscesses rupture

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a physical examination to assess bursal characteristics, including tenderness, fluctuance, and warmth. Imaging (e.g., ultrasound) may confirm fluid collection. Aspiration of the abscess may be performed to identify the causative organism and guide treatment.

Treatment Options

Treatment typically includes antibiotic therapy to address the underlying infection. Surgical drainage may be necessary for large or persistent abscesses. Rest and immobilization of the affected areas can help reduce pain and promote healing. Pain management and anti-inflammatory medications may also be used.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With appropriate treatment, most abscesses of the bursa resolve without long-term complications. Follow-up care is important to monitor for recurrence or spread of infection. Patients should be advised to seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop.

Complications

Complications may include the spread of infection to surrounding tissues or bloodstream, chronic bursitis, or scarring. Delayed treatment can increase the risk of these complications.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintain good hygiene to reduce infection risk
• Protect bursae from trauma or excessive pressure
• Manage chronic conditions that may predispose to infection
• Seek prompt treatment for skin infections or wounds near bursae

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if you experience persistent pain, swelling, or warmth in multiple bursae, fever, or signs of infection spreading. Prompt evaluation is important to prevent complications.

Tips for Medical Coders

When coding for M71.09, ensure documentation specifies the involvement of multiple bursae without further localization. Verify that the diagnosis aligns with the clinical findings and that no more specific site is documented. Accurate coding requires clear documentation of the affected sites and the nature of the abscess.