M71.04 Abscess of bursa, hand

Name of the Condition

• Abscess of bursa, hand

Summary

An abscess of the bursa, hand is a localized collection of pus within a bursa in the hand, a small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues. This condition typically causes pain, swelling, and warmth at the affected site. The hand-specific designation indicates the abscess is localized to the bursa in the hand region.

Causes

Abscesses of the hand bursa usually result from bacterial infection, often introduced through direct trauma, skin breakdown, or spread from adjacent tissues. Staphylococcus aureus is a common causative organism. Non-infectious causes, such as foreign body reaction or sterile inflammation, are less frequent.

Risk Factors

• Recent injury or surgery near the hand bursa
• Skin infections or open wounds in the hand area
• Immunocompromised states (e.g., diabetes, HIV)
• Chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
• Repetitive motion or pressure on the hand bursa

Symptoms

• Localized pain, tenderness, or throbbing in the hand
• Swelling, redness, or warmth over the bursa
• Limited range of motion in the hand or wrist
• Possible fever or systemic signs if infection spreads
• Pus drainage if the abscess ruptures

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a physical examination to assess bursal swelling, warmth, and tenderness. Imaging (e.g., ultrasound) may confirm fluid collection. Aspiration of the bursa may be performed to identify the causative organism and guide treatment.

Treatment Options

Treatment typically includes antibiotics to address the infection and drainage of the abscess, either through needle aspiration or surgical incision. Rest and elevation of the hand may help reduce swelling. In severe cases, intravenous antibiotics or surgical intervention may be necessary.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With prompt treatment, most hand bursal abscesses resolve without long-term complications. Follow-up care may include monitoring for recurrence or signs of spreading infection. Physical therapy may be recommended to restore function if mobility is affected.

Complications

Untreated abscesses can lead to the spread of infection to surrounding tissues, sepsis, or chronic bursal inflammation. Scarring or reduced mobility may occur if the abscess causes tissue damage.

Lifestyle & Prevention

Maintain good hand hygiene to reduce infection risk. Protect the hand from injuries and promptly treat any cuts or wounds. Avoid repetitive motions that strain the bursa, and manage underlying conditions like diabetes or arthritis to lower susceptibility.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if you experience persistent hand pain, swelling, redness, or fever, as these may indicate an abscess. Immediate care is needed if the abscess ruptures or if symptoms worsen rapidly.

Tips for Medical Coders

Code M71.04 is specific to an abscess of the bursa in the hand. Ensure documentation confirms the location (hand) and the presence of a bursal abscess. Differentiate from other bursal conditions or infections without abscess formation. Verify that the diagnosis aligns with clinical findings and imaging results when available.