M71.039 Abscess of bursa, unspecified wrist

Name of the Condition

• Abscess of bursa, unspecified wrist

Summary

An abscess of the bursa, unspecified wrist is a localized collection of pus within the bursa of the wrist, a small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues. This condition typically causes pain, swelling, and warmth at the affected site. The unspecified wrist designation indicates the abscess is localized to the bursa in the wrist region without specifying left or right.

Causes

Abscesses of the wrist bursa usually result from bacterial infection, often introduced through direct trauma, skin breakdown, or spread from adjacent tissues. Staphylococcus aureus is a common causative organism. Non-infectious causes, such as foreign body reaction or sterile inflammation, are less frequent.

Risk Factors

• Recent injury or surgery near the wrist bursa
• Skin infections or open wounds in the wrist area
• Immunocompromised states (e.g., diabetes, HIV)
• Chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
• Repetitive motion or pressure on the wrist bursa

Symptoms

• Localized pain, tenderness, or throbbing in the wrist
• Swelling, redness, or warmth over the bursa
• Limited range of motion in the wrist joint
• Possible fever or systemic signs if infection spreads
• Pus drainage if the abscess ruptures

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a physical examination to assess bursal swelling, warmth, and tenderness. Imaging (e.g., ultrasound) may be used to confirm the presence of fluid or pus. Aspiration of the bursa may be performed to identify the causative organism and guide treatment.

Treatment Options

Treatment typically includes antibiotic therapy for bacterial infections, often targeting Staphylococcus aureus. Drainage of the abscess may be necessary if it does not resolve with antibiotics alone. Rest, elevation, and pain management are also recommended. In some cases, surgical intervention may be required to remove the abscess.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With appropriate treatment, most wrist bursal abscesses resolve without long-term complications. Follow-up care may include monitoring for recurrence or signs of spreading infection. Patients should be advised to avoid repetitive wrist motion during recovery to prevent re-infection.

Complications

Untreated or inadequately treated abscesses can lead to spreading infection, sepsis, or damage to surrounding tissues. Chronic inflammation or scarring may result in persistent pain or limited wrist function.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintain good hand hygiene to reduce infection risk
• Protect the wrist from injury or excessive pressure
• Promptly treat skin wounds or infections in the wrist area
• Avoid repetitive motions that strain the wrist bursa

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen, fever develops, or pus drainage occurs. Immediate care is needed if the wrist becomes increasingly red, swollen, or painful, as these may indicate spreading infection.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the location as "unspecified wrist" when the left or right side is not documented. Ensure clinical documentation supports the presence of a bursal abscess, including signs, symptoms, and any diagnostic or treatment interventions. Use this code when the wrist bursa is involved but not specified as left or right.