M71.02 Abscess of bursa, elbow

Name of the Condition

• Abscess of bursa, elbow

Summary

An abscess of the bursa, elbow is a localized collection of pus within the bursa of the elbow, a small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues. This condition typically causes pain, swelling, and warmth at the affected site. The elbow-specific designation indicates the abscess is localized to the bursa in the elbow region.

Causes

Abscesses of the elbow bursa usually result from bacterial infection, often introduced through direct trauma, skin breakdown, or spread from adjacent tissues. Staphylococcus aureus is a common causative organism. Non-infectious causes, such as foreign body reaction or sterile inflammation, are less frequent.

Risk Factors

• Recent injury or surgery near the elbow bursa
• Skin infections or open wounds in the elbow area
• Immunocompromised states (e.g., diabetes, HIV)
• Chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
• Repetitive motion or pressure on the elbow bursa

Symptoms

• Localized pain, tenderness, or throbbing in the elbow
• Swelling, redness, or warmth over the bursa
• Limited range of motion in the elbow joint
• Possible fever or systemic signs if infection spreads
• Pus drainage if the abscess ruptures

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a physical examination to assess bursal swelling, warmth, and tenderness. Imaging (e.g., ultrasound) may confirm fluid collection. Aspiration of the bursa may be performed to identify the causative organism and guide treatment.

Treatment Options

Treatment typically includes antibiotic therapy for bacterial infections, often targeting Staphylococcus aureus. Drainage of the abscess may be necessary if it is large or does not respond to antibiotics. Rest, elevation, and pain management are also recommended. In some cases, surgical intervention may be required to remove the abscess or address underlying causes.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With appropriate treatment, most elbow bursal abscesses resolve without long-term complications. Follow-up care may include monitoring for recurrence or signs of spreading infection. Physical therapy may be recommended to restore range of motion and function.

Complications

Untreated or severe abscesses can lead to spreading infection, tissue damage, or chronic bursitis. Rarely, the infection may enter the bloodstream (sepsis) or affect adjacent structures like tendons or joints.

Lifestyle & Prevention

Avoid repetitive pressure or trauma to the elbow. Maintain good skin hygiene and promptly treat any skin infections or wounds in the elbow area. If you have chronic inflammatory conditions, work with your healthcare provider to manage them effectively.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if you experience persistent pain, swelling, or redness in the elbow, especially with fever or pus drainage. Prompt care is important to prevent complications and ensure proper treatment.

Tips for Medical Coders

Code M71.02 is specific to an abscess of the bursa in the elbow. Documentation should clearly indicate the anatomical location (elbow) and the presence of an abscess. Ensure the medical record supports the diagnosis, including clinical findings and any imaging or aspiration results.