M71.12 Other infective bursitis, elbow

Name of the Condition

• Other infective bursitis, elbow

Summary

Other infective bursitis, elbow refers to an infection of the bursa in the elbow region that is not classified under more specific infective bursitis codes. This condition involves microbial invasion of the bursa, leading to inflammation, pain, and potential functional impairment of the elbow joint.

Causes

Other infective bursitis, elbow typically results from bacterial infection, often introduced through direct trauma, skin breakdown, or spread from adjacent tissues. Common causative organisms include Staphylococcus aureus. Non-bacterial infections or secondary infection of a pre-existing bursitis may also occur, though the exact etiology varies by case.

Risk Factors

• Recent injury or surgery near the elbow bursa
• Skin infections or open wounds in the elbow area
• Immunocompromised states (e.g., diabetes, HIV)
• Chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
• Repetitive motion or pressure on the elbow bursa

Symptoms

• Localized pain, swelling, and warmth over the elbow bursa
• Redness or erythema at the site
• Fever or systemic signs of infection
• Limited range of motion in the elbow joint
• Pus drainage if the infection progresses

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a physical examination to assess bursal characteristics, including tenderness, warmth, and swelling. Imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound) may be used to evaluate the bursa. Aspiration of the bursal fluid for culture and sensitivity testing helps identify the causative organism and guide treatment. Clinical correlation with patient history and symptoms is essential.

Treatment Options

Treatment typically includes antibiotic therapy targeted at the identified organism, often initiated empirically before culture results. Drainage of the infected bursa may be necessary for severe cases or abscess formation. Rest, elevation, and pain management support recovery. In some instances, surgical intervention is required to remove infected tissue or address complications.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With appropriate treatment, most cases resolve without long-term sequelae. Follow-up ensures infection resolution and monitors for recurrence. Delayed or inadequate treatment may lead to chronic bursitis or joint involvement. Patients should be advised to avoid repetitive elbow stress during recovery.

Complications

Potential complications include chronic bursitis, septic arthritis, or spread of infection to surrounding tissues. Untreated infection may result in abscess formation or systemic sepsis. Rarely, persistent pain or functional limitation may occur.

Lifestyle & Prevention

Avoid repetitive elbow trauma or pressure. Maintain skin integrity to reduce infection risk. Promptly treat skin infections or wounds near the elbow. Use protective gear during activities that stress the elbow. Manage underlying conditions like diabetes to support immune function.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek care if symptoms worsen (e.g., increased pain, swelling, or fever), pus drainage occurs, or mobility is significantly impaired. Early evaluation is critical for suspected infection to prevent complications.

Tips for Medical Coders

Code M71.12 is specific to infective bursitis of the elbow. Documentation should specify the anatomical site (elbow) and confirm infective etiology. Ensure clinical notes support the diagnosis, as this code excludes other bursal conditions (e.g., non-infective or site-unspecified bursitis). Verify no more specific code applies before using M71.12.