Name of the Procedure:

• Common Name: Infusion of albumin
• Technical/Medical Term: Infusion, albumin (human), 25%, 50 ml (HCPCS Code: P9047)

Summary

Infusion of albumin (human), 25%, 50 ml involves the intravenous administration of a concentrated solution of albumin derived from human plasma. Albumin is a protein crucial for maintaining blood volume and pressure.

Purpose

• To treat conditions involving low blood volume or low protein levels in the blood.
• To manage fluid imbalance in patients with severe burns, liver cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome.
• To support patients undergoing major surgery or those in shock.

Indications

• Hypovolemia (low blood volume)
• Hypoproteinemia (low protein levels in the blood)
• Severe burns with fluid loss
• Post-surgical support
• Shock requiring fluid resuscitation
• Severe liver disease or nephrotic syndrome

Preparation

• No specific fasting required.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications and supplements they are taking.
• Baseline assessment and vital signs monitoring.
• Blood tests may be required to assess protein levels and liver function.

Procedure Description

1. The patient is placed in a comfortable position, typically lying down.
2. An intravenous (IV) line is established, usually in the arm.
3. The 25% albumin solution is prepared and connected to the IV line.
4. The infusion rate is determined based on the patient's condition and the physician’s orders.
5. The albumin is slowly infused over a period, monitored by a healthcare professional.
6. Vital signs are monitored throughout the procedure to ensure the patient’s safety.

Tools and Equipment:

• IV catheter and tubing
• 25% albumin (human) solution, 50 ml vial
• Infusion pump (optional)

Anesthesia or Sedation:

• No anesthesia or sedation is typically required.

Duration

• The infusion can take from 30 minutes to a few hours, depending on the volume to be infused and the patient’s condition.

Setting

• Hospital inpatient settings
• Outpatient clinics
• Infusion centers

Personnel

• Nursing staff for IV insertion and monitoring
• Physicians to prescribe and supervise the treatment

Risks and Complications

Common Risks:

• Mild allergic reactions (rash, itching)
• Fever or chills

Rare Risks:

• Serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
• Fluid overload
• Blood pressure changes
• Thrombosis (blood clot formation)

Management:

• Immediate discontinuation of infusion for severe reactions
• Administration of antihistamines or steroids if necessary

Benefits

• Stabilizes blood volume and pressure.
• Improves fluid balance and reduces swelling in cases of severe burns or liver disease.
• Enhances recovery from surgeries or shock.

Recovery

• Observation for a short period post-infusion to monitor for adverse reactions.
• Normal activities can typically be resumed immediately, unless the patient’s underlying condition requires rest.
• Follow-up appointments to assess treatment efficacy and monitor health status.

Alternatives

• Crystalloid solutions (e.g., saline, Ringer's lactate)
  • Pro: More readily available, less risk of allergic reactions.
  • Con: May require larger volumes to achieve the same effect.
• Synthetic colloid solutions (e.g., hydroxyethyl starch)
  • Pro: Alternative for fluid balance.
  • Con: Potential renal complications and allergic reactions.

Patient Experience

• During the procedure: Minor discomfort from IV insertion; slight cold sensation as the albumin enters the bloodstream.
• Post-procedure: Generally minimal discomfort; potential for mild side effects (fever, chills).
• Pain Management: Over-the-counter analgesics if necessary; most patients do not require pain medication.

By understanding this detailed overview, patients and healthcare providers can ensure a successful infusion of albumin with minimized risks and enhanced outcomes.