Name of the Procedure:

Infusion of Albumin (Human), 5%, 50 ml

Summary

An albumin infusion involves administering a solution of human albumin (a protein found in blood plasma) directly into a patient's bloodstream through an intravenous (IV) line. The specific solution used is 5% albumin in a 50 ml volume.

Purpose

Infusions of albumin are used to treat or manage various medical conditions where the body's albumin levels are low or where it is necessary to expand blood volume. It helps to maintain blood pressure, support proper circulation, and restore protein levels.

Indications

• Low blood albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia)
• Severe burns
• Trauma or surgery with significant blood loss
• Shock or sepsis
• Liver disease with ascites
• Nephrotic syndrome

Preparation

• The patient may be advised to stay hydrated but may not have specific fasting requirements.
• Baseline blood tests, including albumin levels, may be required.
• The patient’s medical history and allergies must be reviewed to ensure compatibility and avoid adverse reactions.

Procedure Description

1. An IV line is inserted into a vein, typically in the arm.
2. Albumin solution (5%, 50 ml) from a sterile container is connected to the IV line.
3. The albumin is infused slowly, with the rate appropriately set by the healthcare provider.
4. Vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen levels are monitored throughout the infusion.
5. The infusion usually continues over 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the patient's condition and response.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 15 to 30 minutes for the infusion itself. Additional time may be needed for preparation and monitoring.

Setting

The procedure is usually performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or an infusion center.

Personnel

• Registered Nurse (RN) or Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) to administer the infusion.
• Physician or specialist overseeing the treatment.
• Medical assistants if additional help is required.

Risks and Complications

• Allergic reactions ranging from mild (rash, itching) to severe (anaphylaxis)
• Fluid overload, especially in patients with heart or kidney conditions
• Fever or chills
• Local infection at the IV site
• Excessive bleeding or clotting issues

Benefits

• Rapid correction of hypoalbuminemia
• Stabilizes blood pressure and improves circulatory function
• Enhances recovery in conditions of severe fluid and protein loss
• Benefits may be realized within hours to days, depending on the underlying condition.

Recovery

• Patients can typically resume normal activities shortly after the infusion, unless otherwise advised.
• The IV site should be kept clean and dry.
• Follow-up appointments may be required to monitor albumin levels and overall response.

Alternatives

• Synthetic colloids such as hetastarch or dextran
• Crystalloids like saline or lactated Ringer's solution
• Plasma or whole blood transfusion
• Each alternative comes with its own pros and cons regarding efficacy, risk of reactions, and cost.

Patient Experience

• Patients might feel a prick or slight pain during IV insertion.
• During the infusion, they generally feel no pain, though some may notice a cold sensation as the albumin enters the vein.
• Post-infusion, they are usually monitored for any immediate reactions and should report any unusual symptoms to healthcare providers immediately. Pain management is typically not necessary, but comfort measures such as a warm blanket can help.