Name of the Procedure:

Infusion, Albumin (Human), 5%, 250 ml (HCPCS Code: P9045)

Common names: Albumin infusion, Human albumin solution

Summary

An albumin infusion involves administering a 250 ml solution of 5% human albumin into the bloodstream. This procedure is usually done through an intravenous (IV) line and aims to replenish protein levels in the blood.

Purpose

The albumin infusion is used to treat conditions associated with low blood protein levels, such as liver cirrhosis, severe burns, nephrotic syndrome, and acute kidney injury. It helps in maintaining fluid balance, blood volume, and pressure, thus ensuring proper organ function.

Indications

• Low blood protein levels (hypoalbuminemia)
• Liver cirrhosis with ascites
• Severe burns
• Acute nephrotic syndrome
• Albumin loss due to surgery or infection

Preparation

• No special fasting required.
• Patient may be advised to inform their healthcare provider about any existing medications or allergies.
• Vital signs and blood tests may be assessed prior to the infusion.

Procedure Description

1. Setting Up an IV Line: The healthcare provider will first set up an intravenous (IV) line into the patient's vein.
2. Attaching the Albumin Solution: The 250 ml 5% albumin solution is attached to the IV line.
3. Beginning the Infusion: The infusion is started, and the albumin solution is allowed to enter the bloodstream slowly.
4. Monitoring: The patient is monitored for any adverse reactions during the infusion.

5. Completion: The infusion typically takes 1 to 2 hours, after which the IV line is removed.

   Equipment Used: IV catheter, 250 ml 5% albumin solution bag, infusion pump.

Anesthesia or Sedation: Not typically required.

Duration

Approximately 1 to 2 hours.

Setting

• Hospital
• Outpatient clinic

Personnel

• Registered Nurse (RN)
• Physician or healthcare provider overseeing the procedure

Risks and Complications

Common risks:

• Localized pain or discomfort at the IV site
• Minor allergic reactions

Rare risks:

• Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
• Fluid overload
• Fever or chills
• High blood pressure

Benefits

• Rapid improvement of blood protein levels
• Stabilization of blood volume and pressure
• Enhanced recovery from conditions causing low albumin levels

Recovery

• Patients can usually resume normal activities shortly after the procedure.
• Monitoring for any delayed side effects or reactions.
• Follow-up appointments as advised by the healthcare provider.

Alternatives

• Oral supplementation with high-protein diets or supplements.

• Synthetic volume expanders such as hetastarch or dextran.

  Pros of alternatives: Oral options are non-invasive. Cons of alternatives: May not be as immediately effective or suitable for severe cases.

Patient Experience

• Mild discomfort during IV insertion.
• Patients typically do not feel pain during the actual infusion.
• Post-procedure, some may experience mild side effects like dizziness or a slight headache, usually managed with appropriate medications.

Pain management is seldom necessary beyond initial IV insertion, and comfort measures include a comfortable reclining chair, distractions like reading material, or light conversation with caregivers.