Name of the Procedure:

Injection, Mannitol, 25% in 50 ml

Common Names: Mannitol Injection, Hyperosmotic Agent Injection
Medical Terms: IV Mannitol, J2150 Injection

Summary

The Mannitol Injection is a medical procedure where a concentrated sugar solution, mannitol, is administered intravenously. This solution is used to help reduce swelling or pressure in various parts of the body, including the brain and eyes.

Purpose

The primary goal of mannitol injection is to decrease excessive fluid accumulation, particularly in cases of cerebral edema or elevated intracranial pressure. It can also be used to lower intraocular pressure.

Indications

• Elevated intracranial pressure due to trauma, stroke, or surgery.
• Cerebral edema.
• Acute glaucoma or other conditions leading to elevated intraocular pressure.
• To assist renal function in certain types of kidney failure.

Preparation

• Patients may be instructed to fast for several hours before the procedure.
• Pre-procedure blood tests to assess kidney function and electrolyte balance.
• Adjustment or temporary cessation of certain medications, as advised by the healthcare provider.

Procedure Description

1. IV Access: A sterile intravenous line is placed, typically in the arm.
2. Administration: Mannitol (25% in 50 ml) is administered slowly over approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour.
3. Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and fluid balance.
4. Reevaluation: Follow-up checks for signs of effectiveness and side effects.

Technologies and Tools: Intravenous catheter, IV infusion pump, monitoring devices.

Anesthesia or Sedation: Not typically required.

Duration

The administration of mannitol typically takes about 30 minutes to 1 hour. The entire process, including setup and observation time, may last a few hours.

Setting

• Hospitals
• Outpatient clinics
• Surgical centers

Personnel

• Registered Nurse (RN) for IV placement and administration
• Attending Physician for indication verification and oversight
• Possibly a Pharmacist for drug preparation

Risks and Complications

Common Risks:

• Headache
• Nausea
• Dehydration

Rare Risks:

• Electrolyte imbalances
• Kidney dysfunction
• Phlebitis (inflammation of the vein)

Management: Continuous monitoring and supportive care as needed.

Benefits

• Rapid reduction in cerebral or intraocular pressure.
• Prevention of further complications associated with swelling or high pressure.

Recovery

• Post-procedure monitoring for a few hours.
• Patients may need to follow a specific fluid intake or dietary plan.
• Follow-up appointments to reassess condition and ensure efficacy.

Alternatives

• Hypertonic saline solution.
• Steroid therapy to manage swelling.
• Surgical interventions, if indicated (e.g., decompressive craniectomy for brain swelling).
• Pros and cons vary based on specific patient conditions and the severity of symptoms.

Patient Experience

• Patients might feel a cool sensation along the IV site and potentially some discomfort during the needle insertion.
• Post-injection, patients are usually monitored for improvement in symptoms and any side effects.
• Pain management may involve over-the-counter pain relievers or other measures as needed.

This structured text provides an understandable overview of the injection procedure with mannitol for patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals.