Name of the Procedure:

Central Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)

• Common Names: Bone Density Scan, DXA Scan
• Medical Term: Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

Summary

A Central Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is a non-invasive imaging test that measures bone mineral density (BMD). It helps in diagnosing osteoporosis and assessing an individual's risk for fractures.

Purpose

The primary goal of a DXA scan is to evaluate bone mineral density for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis and other conditions that cause bone loss. It aids in:

• Diagnosing osteoporosis.
• Predicting fracture risk.
• Monitoring the effectiveness of treatment for osteoporosis or other bone conditions.

Indications

• Women aged 65 and older and men aged 70 and older.
• Individuals with a history of fractures.
• Postmenopausal women under 65 and men aged 50-69 with risk factors for bone loss.
• Long-term steroid use or other medications that affect bone density.
• Chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or chronic kidney disease.

Preparation

• Eat normally on the day of the exam.
• Avoid calcium supplements for at least 24 hours before the test.
• Wear loose, comfortable clothing without metal zippers or buttons.
• Inform the technician if you have recently had a barium exam or have metal implants.

Procedure Description

1. Patient Positioning: The patient lies flat on an examination table.
2. DXA Machine: The machine sends a low-dose X-ray beam with two different energy levels through the bone being examined.
3. Scanning: Typically, the lower spine and hips are scanned, with measurements taken to assess bone density.
4. Data Analysis: The results are analyzed and compared to normal ranges based on the patient's age, sex, and weight.

The machine used is a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device, which typically does not require any sedation or anesthesia as it is pain-free.

Duration

The scan typically takes about 10-20 minutes.

Setting

Performed in a hospital radiology department, outpatient imaging center, or a specialized bone density clinic.

Personnel

• Radiologic Technologist for operating the DXA machine.
• Radiologist for interpreting the results.
• Referring physician for follow-up and treatment management.

Risks and Complications

• Minimal exposure to radiation, which is generally considered safe for most people.
• Rarely, some individuals might experience discomfort from lying still on the table.

Benefits

• Accurate measurement of bone mineral density.
• Early detection of osteoporosis, leading to timely treatment.
• Low-dose radiation makes it a safer option for repeated assessments.

Recovery

• No recovery time required; patients can resume normal activities immediately.
• Follow any additional instructions provided by the healthcare provider regarding calcium supplements or medications.

Alternatives

• Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) – more expensive and higher radiation exposure.
• Ultrasound of the heel – less accurate but no radiation.
• Regular physical exams and assessing fracture risk based on medical history.

Patient Experience

Patients generally feel no discomfort during the scan. There is no pain involved, and no anesthesia is required. After the procedure, the patient should not feel any side effects and can return to their daily routine immediately.