Name of the Procedure:

• Common Name(s): Bone Density Test
• Technical/Medical Term: Central Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA)

Summary

A bone density test, or DXA scan, is a medical imaging procedure that measures bone mineral density (BMD) to assess the strength of bones and the risk of fractures. It commonly focuses on areas like the lower spine and hips.

Purpose

The bone density test is used to:

• Diagnose osteoporosis and osteopenia.
• Assess the risk of bone fractures.
• Monitor the effectiveness of osteoporosis treatment.

Indications

• Postmenopausal women and men over 50.
• Individuals with a family history of osteoporosis.
• Patients who have experienced a fracture from a minor fall or injury.
• Long-term use of corticosteroids or other medications that affect bone density.
• Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, or chronic kidney disease.

Preparation

• Avoid calcium supplements for at least 24 hours before the test.
• Notify your doctor if you had any recent barium exams or contrast material in a CT/MRI scan.
• Wear comfortable clothing without metal zippers, belts, or buttons.

Procedure Description

1. You will lie on a padded table.
2. An X-ray generator will pass over the body part being examined.
3. The procedure is painless and takes around 10-20 minutes.
4. No anesthesia or sedation is required.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 10-20 minutes.

Setting

• Outpatient clinics.
• Hospital radiology departments.
• Specialized imaging centers.

Personnel

• Radiologist or nuclear medicine specialist.
• Radiologic technologist.

Risks and Complications

• Minimal exposure to low-dose radiation.
• Very few, if any, complications.

Benefits

• Provides critical information for diagnosing and managing osteoporosis.
• Helps determine fracture risk and need for treatment.
• Immediate results and interpretation.

Recovery

• No recovery time needed.
• Resume normal activities immediately after the test.
• Follow-up with the healthcare provider to discuss the results.

Alternatives

• Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT): More detailed but involves higher radiation.
• Ultrasound bone density testing: Often used for initial screening but less precise.

Patient Experience

• The procedure is generally painless and quick.
• You may feel no discomfort other than lying still on the table.
• After the procedure, patients can expect no downtime and can return to their regular activities immediately.