Name of the Procedure:

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bone density study, 1 or more sites; vertebral fracture assessment

Summary

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a non-invasive imaging procedure used to assess bone density. It helps in the identification of vertebral fractures, often a sign of osteoporosis or other bone-related diseases.

Purpose

DXA is primarily used to diagnose and monitor osteoporosis and other conditions that lead to reduced bone density. The procedure aims to detect fractures early, allowing for timely intervention to prevent further bone damage.

Indications

• Symptoms of osteoporosis (e.g., bone pain, posture changes)
• Age-related bone density decline
• History of fractures
• Post-menopausal women or men over age 50
• Long-term steroid use
• Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or chronic kidney disease

Preparation

• Patients should avoid calcium supplements for 24 hours before the test.
• Wear comfortable clothing without metal fasteners (e.g., zippers, belts).
• Inform the technician if there is any possibility of pregnancy.

Procedure Description

1. Patient lies on a padded table.
2. The DXA machine passes two X-ray beams at different energy levels through the bone.
3. Images are taken of the spine and other sites as needed.
4. The machine measures the amount of X-rays absorbed by the bone to determine bone density.
5. Additional images focus on the spine to assess vertebral fractures. No anesthesia or sedation is required.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 10 to 30 minutes.

Setting

The procedure is performed in an outpatient imaging center or hospital.

Personnel

• Radiologic technologist
• Radiologist (interprets the results)

Risks and Complications

• Exposure to a low level of radiation
• Rarely, patient discomfort from lying still

Benefits

• Early detection of osteoporosis
• Identification of vertebral fractures
• Helps in planning treatment to strengthen bones and prevent fractures Results are often available within a few days.

Recovery

• No special post-procedure care is needed.
• Patients can resume normal activities immediately.

Alternatives

• Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT)
• Peripheral Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (pDXA)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for bone assessment The choice depends on the specific clinical scenario and availability.

Patient Experience

During the procedure, the patient lies still on the table but will not feel any discomfort. The low dose of radiation used is generally considered safe, especially compared to the medical benefits of detecting bone density issues early. After the procedure, patients can leave immediately and carry on with their day as usual.